EC |
2.8.3.21 |
Accepted name: |
L-carnitine CoA-transferase |
Reaction: |
(1) (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA (2) 4-trimethylammoniobutanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA |
Glossary: |
L-carnitine = (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate = crotonobetaine
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate = γ-butyrobetaine |
Other name(s): |
CaiB; crotonobetainyl/γ-butyrobetainyl-CoA:carnitine CoA-transferase |
Systematic name: |
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA:L-carnitine CoA-transferase |
Comments: |
The enzyme is found in gammaproteobacteria such as Proteus sp. and Escherichia coli. It has similar activity with both substrates. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB |
References: |
1. |
Engemann, C., Elssner, T. and Kleber, H.P. Biotransformation of crotonobetaine to L-(–)-carnitine in Proteus sp. Arch. Microbiol. 175 (2001) 353–359. [PMID: 11409545] |
2. |
Elssner, T., Engemann, C., Baumgart, K. and Kleber, H.P. Involvement of coenzyme A esters and two new enzymes, an enoyl-CoA hydratase and a CoA-transferase, in the hydration of crotonobetaine to L-carnitine by Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 40 (2001) 11140–11148. [DOI] [PMID: 11551212] |
3. |
Stenmark, P., Gurmu, D. and Nordlund, P. Crystal structure of CaiB, a type-III CoA transferase in carnitine metabolism. Biochemistry 43 (2004) 13996–14003. [DOI] [PMID: 15518548] |
4. |
Engemann, C., Elssner, T., Pfeifer, S., Krumbholz, C., Maier, T. and Kleber, H.P. Identification and functional characterisation of genes and corresponding enzymes involved in carnitine metabolism of Proteus sp. Arch. Microbiol. 183 (2005) 176–189. [DOI] [PMID: 15731894] |
5. |
Rangarajan, E.S., Li, Y., Iannuzzi, P., Cygler, M. and Matte, A. Crystal structure of Escherichia coli crotonobetainyl-CoA: carnitine CoA-transferase (CaiB) and its complexes with CoA and carnitinyl-CoA. Biochemistry 44 (2005) 5728–5738. [DOI] [PMID: 15823031] |
|
[EC 2.8.3.21 created 2014] |
|
|
|
|
EC |
6.2.1.48 |
Accepted name: |
carnitine—CoA ligase |
Reaction: |
ATP + L-carnitine + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + L-carnitinyl-CoA |
Glossary: |
carnitine = 3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate
crotonobetaine = (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate
γ-butyrobetaine = 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate |
Other name(s): |
caiC (gene name) |
Systematic name: |
L-carnitine:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) |
Comments: |
The enzyme, originally characterized from the bacterium Escherichia coli, can catalyse the transfer of CoA to L-carnitine, crotonobetaine and γ-butyrobetaine. In vitro the enzyme also exhibits the activity of EC 2.8.3.21, L-carnitine CoA-transferase. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc |
References: |
1. |
Eichler, K., Bourgis, F., Buchet, A., Kleber, H.P. and Mandrand-Berthelot, M.A. Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 13 (1994) 775–786. [DOI] [PMID: 7815937] |
2. |
Bernal, V., Arense, P., Blatz, V., Mandrand-Berthelot, M.A., Canovas, M. and Iborra, J.L. Role of betaine:CoA ligase (CaiC) in the activation of betaines and the transfer of coenzyme A in Escherichia coli. J. Appl. Microbiol. 105 (2008) 42–50. [DOI] [PMID: 18266698] |
|
[EC 6.2.1.48 created 2017] |
|
|
|
|