The Enzyme Database

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EC 4.1.3.39     
Accepted name: 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase
Reaction: (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = acetaldehyde + pyruvate
For diagram of 3-phenylpropanoate catabolism, click here, for diagram of catechol catabolism (meta ring cleavage), click here and for diagram of cinnamate catabolism, click here
Glossary: (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate
Other name(s): 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase; HOA; DmpG; 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate pyruvate-lyase; 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate pyruvate-lyase; BphI; 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate pyruvate-lyase (acetaldehyde-forming)
Systematic name: (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate pyruvate-lyase (acetaldehyde-forming)
Comments: Requires Mn2+ for maximal activity [1]. The enzyme from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida is also stimulated by NADH [1]. In some bacterial species the enzyme forms a bifunctional complex with EC 1.2.1.10, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating). The enzymes from the bacteria Burkholderia xenovorans and Thermus thermophilus also perform the reaction of EC 4.1.3.43, 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate aldolase [4,5].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37325-52-3
References:
1.  Manjasetty, B.A., Powlowski, J. and Vrielink, A. Crystal structure of a bifunctional aldolase-dehydrogenase: sequestering a reactive and volatile intermediate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 6992–6997. [DOI] [PMID: 12764229]
2.  Powlowski, J., Sahlman, L. and Shingler, V. Purification and properties of the physically associated meta-cleavage pathway enzymes 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase and aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) from Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600. J. Bacteriol. 175 (1993) 377–385. [DOI] [PMID: 8419288]
3.  Manjasetty, B.A., Croteau, N., Powlowski, J. and Vrielink, A. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of dmpFG-encoded 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase—aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) from Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 57 (2001) 582–585. [PMID: 11264589]
4.  Baker, P., Carere, J. and Seah, S.Y.K. Probing the molecular basis of substrate specificity, stereospecificity, and catalysis in the class II pyruvate aldolase, BphI. Biochemistry 50 (2011) 3559–3569. [DOI] [PMID: 21425833]
5.  Baker, P., Hillis, C., Carere, J. and Seah, S.Y.K. Protein-protein interactions and substrate channeling in orthologous and chimeric aldolase-dehydrogenase complexes. Biochemistry 51 (2012) 1942–1952. [DOI] [PMID: 22316175]
6.  Baker, P. and Seah, S.Y.K. Rational design of stereoselectivity in the class II pyruvate aldolase BphI. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012) 507–513. [DOI] [PMID: 22081904]
[EC 4.1.3.39 created 2006, modified 2011]
 
 
EC 4.2.1.80     
Accepted name: 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase
Reaction: (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + H2O
For diagram of 3-phenylpropanoate catabolism, click here, for diagram of catechol catabolism (meta ring cleavage), click here and for diagram of cinnamate catabolism, click here
Other name(s): 2-keto-4-pentenoate hydratase; OEH; 2-keto-4-pentenoate (vinylpyruvate)hydratase; 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate hydro-lyase; 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate hydro-lyase (2-oxopent-4-enoate-forming); mhpD (gene name); ahdF (gene name); todG (gene name); cmtF (gene name); xylJ (gene name); cnbE (gene name)
Systematic name: (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate hydro-lyase ((2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate-forming)
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the catechol meta-cleavage pathway, a major mechanism for degradation of aromatic compounds. Also acts, more slowly, on cis-2-oxohex-4-enoate, but not on the trans-isomer. The enzyme was named when it was thought that the substrate is 2-oxopent-4-enoate. However, it was later found that the actual substrate is its tautomer (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate. In some organisms the enzyme forms a complex with EC 4.1.1.77, 2-oxo-3-hexenedioate decarboxylase (previously named 4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 64427-80-1
References:
1.  Kunz, D.A., Ribbons, D.W. and Chapman, P.J. Metabolism of allylglycine and cis-crotylglycine by Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2 harboring a TOL plasmid. J. Bacteriol. 148 (1981) 72–82. [PMID: 7287632]
2.  Harayama, S., Rekik, M., Ngai, K.L. and Ornston, L.N. Physically associated enzymes produce and metabolize 2-hydroxy-2,4-dienoate, a chemically unstable intermediate formed in catechol metabolism via meta cleavage in Pseudomonas putida. J. Bacteriol. 171 (1989) 6251–6258. [DOI] [PMID: 2681159]
3.  Pollard, J.R. and Bugg, T.D. Purification, characterisation and reaction mechanism of monofunctional 2-hydroxypentadienoic acid hydratase from Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 251 (1998) 98–106. [PMID: 9492273]
[EC 4.2.1.80 created 1984]
 
 


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