The Enzyme Database

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EC 2.3.1.265     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol dimannoside acyltransferase
Reaction: (1) an acyl-CoA + 2,6-di-O-α-D-mannosyl-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = CoA + 2-O-(6-O-acyl-α-D-mannosyl)-6-O-α-D-mannosyl-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
(2) an acyl-CoA + 2-O-α-D-mannosyl-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = CoA + 2-O-(6-O-acyl-α-D-mannosyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
Other name(s): PIM2 acyltransferase; ptfP1 (gene name)
Systematic name: acyl-CoA:2,6-di-O-α-D-mannosyl-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol acyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme, found in Corynebacteriales, is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIMs).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Svetlikova, Z., Barath, P., Jackson, M., Kordulakova, J. and Mikusova, K. Purification and characterization of the acyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the major mycobacterial cell envelope glycolipid—monoacylated phosphatidylinositol dimannoside. Protein Expr. Purif. 100 (2014) 33–39. [DOI] [PMID: 24810911]
[EC 2.3.1.265 created 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.57      
Deleted entry: phosphatidylinositol α-mannosyltransferase. Newer studies have shown that this is catalysed by two independent activities now covered by EC 2.4.1.345, phosphatidyl-myo-inositol α-mannosyl transferase and EC 2.4.1.346, phosphatidyl-myo-inositol dimannoside synthase
[EC 2.4.1.57 created 1972, modified 2003, deleted 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.198     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = UDP + 6-(N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
For diagram of glycosylphosphatidyl-myo-inositol biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
Other name(s): UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:phosphatidylinositol N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase; uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine α1,6-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 6-(N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl)transferase
Systematic name: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 6-(N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl)transferase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: Involved in the first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor formation in all eukaryotes. In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of at least five subunits (PIG-A, PIG-H, PIG-C, GPI1 and PIG-P). PIG-A subunit is the catalytic subunit. In some species, the long-chain acyl groups of the phosphatidyl group are partly replaced by long-chain alkyl or alk-1-enyl groups.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 144388-35-2
References:
1.  Doering, T.L., Masteron, W.J., Englund, P.T. and Hart, G.W. Biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of the trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein. Origin of the non-acetylated glucosamine. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 11168–11173. [PMID: 2525555]
2.  Watanabe, R., Inoue, N., Westfall, B., Taron, C.H., Orlean, P., Takeda, J. and Kinoshita, T. The first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis is mediated by a complex of PIG-A, PIG-H , PIG-C and GPI1. EMBO J. 17 (1998) 877–885. [DOI] [PMID: 9463366]
3.  Watanabe, R., Murakami, Y., Marmor, M.D., Inoue, N., Maeda, Y., Hino, J., Kangawa, K., Julius, M. and Kinoshita, T. Initial enzyme for glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis requires PIG-P and is regulated by DPM2. EMBO J. 19 (2000) 4402–4411. [DOI] [PMID: 10944123]
[EC 2.4.1.198 created 1992, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.345     
Accepted name: phosphatidyl-myo-inositol α-mannosyltransferase
Reaction: GDP-α-D-mannose + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = GDP + 2-O-(α-D-mannosyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
Other name(s): mannosyltransferase PimA; PimA; guanosine diphosphomannose-phosphatidyl-inositol α-mannosyltransferase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: GDP-α-D-mannose:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 2-α-D-mannosyltransferase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: Requires Mg2+. The enzyme, found in Corynebacteriales, is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIMs).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Kordulakova, J., Gilleron, M., Mikusova, K., Puzo, G., Brennan, P.J., Gicquel, B. and Jackson, M. Definition of the first mannosylation step in phosphatidylinositol mannoside synthesis. PimA is essential for growth of mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 31335–31344. [DOI] [PMID: 12068013]
2.  Gu, X., Chen, M., Wang, Q., Zhang, M., Wang, B. and Wang, H. Expression and purification of a functionally active recombinant GDP-mannosyltransferase (PimA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Protein Expr. Purif. 42 (2005) 47–53. [DOI] [PMID: 15939292]
3.  Giganti, D., Albesa-Jove, D., Urresti, S., Rodrigo-Unzueta, A., Martinez, M.A., Comino, N., Barilone, N., Bellinzoni, M., Chenal, A., Guerin, M.E. and Alzari, P.M. Secondary structure reshuffling modulates glycosyltransferase function at the membrane. Nat. Chem. Biol. 11 (2015) 16–18. [DOI] [PMID: 25402770]
4.  Rodrigo-Unzueta, A., Martinez, M.A., Comino, N., Alzari, P.M., Chenal, A. and Guerin, M.E. Molecular basis of membrane association by the phosphatidylinositol mannosyltransferase PimA enzyme from Mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 291 (2016) 13955–13963. [DOI] [PMID: 27189944]
[EC 2.4.1.345 created 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.346     
Accepted name: phosphatidyl-myo-inositol dimannoside synthase
Reaction: (1) GDP-α-D-mannose + 2-O-α-D-mannosyl-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = GDP + 2,6-di-O-α-D-mannosyl-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
(2) GDP-α-D-mannose + 2-O-(6-O-acyl-α-D-mannosyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = GDP + 2-O-(6-O-acyl-α-D-mannosyl)-6-O-α-D-mannosyl-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
Other name(s): mannosyltransferase PimB; PimB; guanosine diphosphomannose-phosphatidyl-inositol α-mannosyltransferase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: GDP-α-D-mannose:2-O-α-D-mannosyl-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 6-α-D-mannosyltransferase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: Requires Mg2+. The enzyme, found in Corynebacteriales, is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIMs).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Guerin, M.E., Kaur, D., Somashekar, B.S., Gibbs, S., Gest, P., Chatterjee, D., Brennan, P.J. and Jackson, M. New insights into the early steps of phosphatidylinositol mannoside biosynthesis in mycobacteria: PimB′ is an essential enzyme of Mycobacterium smegmatis. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009) 25687–25696. [DOI] [PMID: 19638342]
2.  Mishra, A.K., Batt, S., Krumbach, K., Eggeling, L. and Besra, G.S. Characterization of the Corynebacterium glutamicum Δ pimB′ Δ mgtA double deletion mutant and the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis orthologues Rv2188c and Rv0557 in glycolipid biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 191 (2009) 4465–4472. [DOI] [PMID: 19395496]
3.  Batt, S.M., Jabeen, T., Mishra, A.K., Veerapen, N., Krumbach, K., Eggeling, L., Besra, G.S. and Futterer, K. Acceptor substrate discrimination in phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside synthesis: structural and mutational analysis of mannosyltransferase Corynebacterium glutamicum PimB′. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 37741–37752. [DOI] [PMID: 20843801]
[EC 2.4.1.346 created 2017]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.67     
Accepted name: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
Other name(s): phosphatidylinositol kinase (phosphorylating); phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase; phosphatidylinositol kinase; type II phosphatidylinositol kinase; PI kinase; PI 4-kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphotransferase
Comments: This reaction is catalysed by at least two different isoforms.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37205-54-2
References:
1.  Colodzin, M. and Kennedy, E.P. Biosynthesis of diphosphoinositide in brain. J. Biol. Chem. 240 (1965) 3771–3780. [PMID: 4284712]
2.  Kai, M., White, G.L. and Hawthorne, J.N. The phosphatidylinositol kinase of rat brain. Biochem. J. 101 (1966) 328–337. [PMID: 4290722]
3.  Walker, D.H., Dougherty, N. and Pike, L.J. Purification and characterization of a phosphatidylinositol kinase from A431 cells. Biochemistry 27 (1988) 6504–6511. [PMID: 2851325]
4.  Whitman, M., Downes, C.P., Keeler, M., Keller, T. and Cantley, L. Type I phosphatidylinositol kinase makes a novel inositol phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate. Nature 332 (1988) 644–646. [DOI] [PMID: 2833705]
5.  Barylko, B., Gerber, S.H., Binns, D.D., Grichine, N., Khvotchev, M., Sudhof, T.C. and Albanesi, J.P. A novel family of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases conserved from yeast to humans. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 7705–7708. [DOI] [PMID: 11244087]
[EC 2.7.1.67 created 1972, modified 1982, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.68     
Accepted name: 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism (part 2), click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
Other name(s): diphosphoinositide kinase; PIP kinase; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate kinase; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase; type I PIP kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase
Comments: This enzyme can also phosphorylate PtdIns3P in the 4-position, and PtdIns, PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,4)P2 in the 5-position in vitro, but to a lesser extent. The last of these reactions occurs in vivo and is physiologically relevant. Three different isoforms are known.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 104645-76-3
References:
1.  Kai, M., Salway, J.G. and Hawthorne, J.N. The diphosphoinositide kinase of rat brain. Biochem. J. 106 (1968) 791–801. [PMID: 4295336]
2.  Kai, M., Salway, J.G., Michell, R.H. and Hawthorne, J.N. The biosynthesis of triphosphoinositide by rat brain in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 22 (1966) 370–375.
3.  Rameh, L.E., Tolias, K.F., Duckworth, B.C. and Cantley, L.C. A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Nature 390 (1997) 192–196. [DOI] [PMID: 9367159]
[EC 2.7.1.68 created 1972, modified 1980, modified 1982, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.137     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
Other name(s): 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; type III phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Vps34p; type I phosphatidylinositol kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase
Comments: One mammalian isoform is known.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 115926-52-8
References:
1.  Whitman, M., Downes, C.P., Keeler, M., Keller, T. and Cantley, L. Type I phosphatidylinositol kinase makes a novel inositol phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate. Nature 332 (1988) 644–646. [DOI] [PMID: 2833705]
2.  Vanhaesebroeck, B., Leevers, S.J., Ahmadi, K., Timms, J., Katso, R., Driscoll, P.C., Woscholski, R., Parker, P.J. and Waterfield, M.D. Synthesis and function of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70 (2001) 535–602. [DOI] [PMID: 11395417]
[EC 2.7.1.137 created 1992, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.149     
Accepted name: 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism (part 2), click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = PtdIns5P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
Other name(s): type II PIP kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate 4-phosphotransferase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 247907-17-1
References:
1.  Rameh, L.E., Tolias, K.F., Duckworth, B.C. and Cantley, L.C. A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Nature 390 (1997) 192–196. [DOI] [PMID: 9367159]
[EC 2.7.1.149 created 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.150     
Accepted name: 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,5)P2
Other name(s): type III PIP kinase; phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Cooke, F.T., Dove, S.K., McEwen, R.K., Painter, G., Holmes, A.B., Hall, M.N., Michell, R.H. and Parker, P.J. The stress-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase Fab1p is essential for vacuole function in S. cerevisiae. Curr. Biol. 9 (1998) 1219–1222. [DOI] [PMID: 9811604]
[EC 2.7.1.150 created 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.153     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism (part 2), click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
Other name(s): type I phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase
Comments: This enzyme also catalyses the phosphorylation of PtdIns4P to PtdIns(3,4)P2, and of PtdIns to PtdIns3P. Four mammalian isoforms are known to exist.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 103843-30-7
References:
1.  Vanhaesebroeck, B., Leevers, S.J., Ahmadi, K., Timms, J., Katso, R., Driscoll, P.C., Woscholski, R., Parker, P.J. and Waterfield, M.D. Synthesis and function of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70 (2001) 535–602. [DOI] [PMID: 11395417]
[EC 2.7.1.153 created 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.154     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4)P2
Other name(s): type II phosphoinositide 3-kinase; C2-domain-containing phosphoinositide 3-kinase; phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate 3-phosphotransferase
Comments: This enzyme also phosphorylates PtdIns to PtdIns3P. Three mammalian isoforms have been found to date.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 141176-94-5
References:
1.  Vanhaesebroeck, B., Leevers, S.J., Ahmadi, K., Timms, J., Katso, R., Driscoll, P.C., Woscholski, R., Parker, P.J. and Waterfield, M.D. Synthesis and function of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70 (2001) 535–602. [DOI] [PMID: 11395417]
[EC 2.7.1.154 created 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.227     
Accepted name: inositol phosphorylceramide synthase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + a very-long-chain (2′R)-2′-hydroxy-phytoceramide = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + a (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain-acyl]-1-O-[(1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl)hydroxyphosphoryl]sphinganine
Glossary: a (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain-acyl]-1-O-[(1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl)hydroxyphosphoryl]sphinganine = a very-long-chain inositol phospho-α hydroxyphytoceramide = IPC
Other name(s): AUR1 (gene name); KEI1 (gene name)
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol:a very-long-chain (2′R)-2′-hydroxy-phytoceramide phosphoinositoltransferase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from yeast, attaches a phosphoinositol headgroup to α-hydroxyphytoceramides, generating a very-long-chain inositol phospho-α hydroxyphytoceramide (IPC), the simplest of the three complex sphingolipids produced by yeast.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Nagiec, M.M., Nagiec, E.E., Baltisberger, J.A., Wells, G.B., Lester, R.L. and Dickson, R.C. Sphingolipid synthesis as a target for antifungal drugs. Complementation of the inositol phosphorylceramide synthase defect in a mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the AUR1 gene. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 9809–9817. [PMID: 9092515]
2.  Levine, T.P., Wiggins, C.A. and Munro, S. Inositol phosphorylceramide synthase is located in the Golgi apparatus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 11 (2000) 2267–2281. [PMID: 10888667]
3.  Sato, K., Noda, Y. and Yoda, K. Kei1: a novel subunit of inositolphosphorylceramide synthase, essential for its enzyme activity and Golgi localization. Mol. Biol. Cell 20 (2009) 4444–4457. [PMID: 19726565]
[EC 2.7.1.227 created 2019]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.228     
Accepted name: mannosyl-inositol-phosphoceramide inositolphosphotransferase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + a (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain-acyl]-1-O-{[6-O-(α-D-mannosyl)-1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl]hydroxyphosphoryl}sphinganine = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + a (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain-acyl]-1-O-[(6-O-{6-O-[(1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl)hydroxyphosphoryl]-α-D-mannosyl}-1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl)hydroxyphosphoryl]sphinganine
Glossary: a (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain-acyl]-1-O-{[6-O-(α-D-mannosyl)-1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl]hydroxyphosphoryl}sphinganine = a very-long-chain mannosylinositol phospho-α-hydroxyphytoceramide = MIPC
a (4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain-acyl]-1-O-[(6-O-{6-O-[(1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl)hydroxyphosphoryl]-α-D-mannosyl}-1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl)hydroxyphosphoryl]sphinganine = a very-long-chain mannosyl-diphosphoinositol-α-hydroxyphytoceramide = MIP2C
Other name(s): IPT1 (gene name)
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol:(4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain-acyl]-1-O-{[6-O-(α-D-mannosyl)-1D-myo-inositol-1-O-yl]hydroxyphosphoryl}sphinganine phosphoinositoltransferase
Comments: This enzyme catalyses the ultimate reaction in the yeast sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. It transfers a second phosphoinositol group to mannosyl-inositol-phospho-α-hydroxyphytoceramide (MIPC), forming the final and most abundant yeast sphingolipid, mannosyl-diphosphoinositol-ceramide (MIP2C).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Dickson, R.C., Nagiec, E.E., Wells, G.B., Nagiec, M.M. and Lester, R.L. Synthesis of mannose-(inositol-P)2-ceramide, the major sphingolipid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, requires the IPT1 (YDR072c) gene. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 29620–29625. [DOI] [PMID: 9368028]
[EC 2.7.1.228 created 2019]
 
 
EC 2.7.8.11     
Accepted name: CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase
Reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + myo-inositol = CMP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
Other name(s): CDP-diglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase; phosphatidylinositol synthase; CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol phosphatidyltransferase; CDP-diglyceride:inositol transferase; cytidine 5′-diphospho-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:myo-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase; CDP-DG:inositol transferase; cytidine diphosphodiglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase; CDP-diacylglycerol:myo-inositol-3-phosphatidyltransferase; CDP-diglyceride-inositol transferase; cytidine diphosphoglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase; cytidine diphosphoglyceride-inositol transferase
Systematic name: CDP-diacylglycerol:myo-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9027-01-4
References:
1.  Bleasdale, J.E., Wallis, P., MacDonald, P.C. and Johnston, J.M. Characterization of the forward and reverse reactions catalyzed by CDP-diacylglycerol:inositol transferase in rabbit lung tissue. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 575 (1979) 135–147. [DOI] [PMID: 41587]
2.  Prottey, C. and Hawthorne, J.N. The biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol in mammalian pancreas. Biochem. J. 105 (1967) 379–392. [PMID: 4293959]
3.  Salway, J.G., Harewood, J.L., Kai, M., White, G.L. and Hawthorne, J.N. Enzymes of phosphoinositide metabolism during rat brain development. J. Neurochem. 15 (1968) 221–226. [DOI] [PMID: 4295616]
4.  Takenawa, T. and Egawa, K. CDP-diglyceride:inositol transferase from rat liver. Purification and properties. J. Biol. Chem. 252 (1977) 5419–5423. [PMID: 18462]
[EC 2.7.8.11 created 1972, modified 1976]
 
 
EC 3.1.1.118     
Accepted name: phospholipid sn-1 acylhydrolase
Reaction: (1) a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol + a fatty acid
(2) a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a fatty acid
Glossary: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = a phosphatidate
Other name(s): phospholipase DDHD1; phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1; PA-PLA1; DDHD1 (gene name)
Systematic name: phospholipid sn-1 acylhydrolase
Comments: The human enzyme shows broad specificity, and has a preference for phosphatidate over other phospholipids. Unlike EC 3.1.1.32, phospholipase A1, it is also active against phosphatidylinositol. It is not active towards acyl groups linked at the sn-2 position.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Yamashita, A., Kumazawa, T., Koga, H., Suzuki, N., Oka, S. and Sugiura, T. Generation of lysophosphatidylinositol by DDHD domain containing 1 (DDHD1): Possible involvement of phospholipase D/phosphatidic acid in the activation of DDHD1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1801 (2010) 711–720. [DOI] [PMID: 20359546]
2.  Baba, T., Kashiwagi, Y., Arimitsu, N., Kogure, T., Edo, A., Maruyama, T., Nakao, K., Nakanishi, H., Kinoshita, M., Frohman, M.A., Yamamoto, A. and Tani, K. Phosphatidic acid (PA)-preferring phospholipase A1 regulates mitochondrial dynamics. J. Biol. Chem. 289 (2014) 11497–11511. [DOI] [PMID: 24599962]
[EC 3.1.1.118 created 2021]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.36     
Accepted name: phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(1,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate = PtdIns(1,3,4)P3
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(1,4,5)P3
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate = PtdIns(1,3,4,5)P4
Other name(s): type II inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase; triphosphoinositide phosphatase; IP3 phosphatase; PtdIns(4,5)P2 phosphatase; triphosphoinositide phosphomonoesterase; diphosphoinositide phosphatase; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase; inositol triphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase; phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphatase; phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphatase; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphatase; polyphosphoinositol lipid 5-phosphatase; phosphatidyl-inositol-bisphosphate phosphatase
Systematic name: phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase
Comments: These enzymes can also remove the 5-phosphate from Ins(1,4,5)P3 and/or Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. They are a diverse family of enzymes, with differing abilities to catalyse two or more of the four reactions listed. They are thought to use inositol lipids rather than inositol phosphates as substrates in vivo. All of them can use either or both of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 as substrates; this is the main property that distinguishes them from EC 3.1.3.56, inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9036-01-5
References:
1.  Dawson, R.M.C. and Thompson, W. The triphosphoinositide phosphomonoesterase of brain tissue. Biochem. J. 91 (1964) 244–250. [PMID: 4284485]
2.  Roach, P.D. and Palmer, F.B.S. Human erythrocyte cytosol phosphatidyl-inositol-bisphosphate phosphatase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 661 (1981) 323–333. [DOI] [PMID: 6271223]
3.  Woscholski, R. and Parker, P.J. Inositol phosphatases: constructive destruction of phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates. In: Cockcroft, S. (Ed.), Biology of Phosphoinositides, Biology of Phosphoinositides, Oxford, 2000, pp. 320–338.
[EC 3.1.3.36 created 1972, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.64     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: inositol 1-phosphate = Ins-1-P
inositol 1,3-bisphosphate = Ins(1,3)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
Other name(s): inositol-1,3-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase; inositol 1,3-bisphosphate phosphatase; inositol-polyphosphate 3-phosphatase; D-myo-inositol-1,3-bisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase; phosphatidyl-3-phosphate 3-phosphohydrolase
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate 3-phosphohydrolase
Comments: This enzyme still works when the 2,3-bis(acyloxy)propyl group is removed, i.e., it hydrolyses Ins(1,3)P2 to Ins-1-P.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 124248-47-1
References:
1.  Lips, D.L. and Majerus, P.W. The discovery of a 3-phosphomonoesterase that hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in NIH 3T3 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 19911–19915. [PMID: 2555336]
2.  Caldwell, K.K., Lips, D.L., Bansal, V.S. and Majerus, P.W. Isolation and characterization of two 3-phosphatases that hydrolyze both phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3-bisphosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 18378–18386. [PMID: 1655747]
[EC 3.1.3.64 created 1992, [EC 3.1.3.65 created 1992, incorporated 2002], modified 2002]]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.66     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: inositol 3-phosphate = Ins-3-P
inositol 1,3-bisphosphate = Ins(1,3)P2
inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = Ins(3,4)P2
inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate = Ins(1,3,4)P3
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
Other name(s): inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase; D-myo-inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase; phosphoinositide 4-phosphatase; inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase; inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase
Comments: Mg2+-independent. This enzyme still works when the 2,3-bis(acyloxy)propyl group is removed, i.e., it hydrolyses Ins(1,3,4)P3 to Ins(1,3)P2. It also converts Ins(3,4)P2 into Ins-3-P.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 123644-80-4
References:
1.  Howell, S., Barnaby, R.J., Rowe, T., Ragan, C.I. and Gee, N.S. Evidence for at least four different inositol bisphosphatases in bovine brain. Eur. J. Biochem. 183 (1989) 169–172. [DOI] [PMID: 2546770]
2.  Norris, F.A., Auethavekiat, V. and Majerus, P.W. The isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding human and rat brain inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 16128–16133. [DOI] [PMID: 7608176]
3.  Norris, F.A., Atkins, R.C. and Majerus, P.W. The cDNA cloning and characterization of inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II. Evidence for conserved alternative splicing in the 4-phosphatase family. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 23859–23864. [DOI] [PMID: 9295334]
[EC 3.1.3.66 created 1992, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.67     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate = Ins(1,4,5)P3
inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate = Ins(1,3,4,5)P4
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
Other name(s): PTEN (gene name); MMAC1 (gene name); phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase
Comments: Requires Mg2+. Does not dephosphorylate inositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This enzyme still works when the 2,3-bis(acyloxy)propyl group is removed, i.e., it hydrolyses Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 to Ins(1,4,5)P3
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 210488-47-4
References:
1.  Kabuyama, Y., Nakatsu, N., Homma, Y., Fukui, Y. Purification and characterization of phosphatidyl inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase in bovine thymus. Eur. J. Biochem. 238 (1996) 350–356. [DOI] [PMID: 8681945]
2.  Maehama, T. and Dixon, J.E. The tumor suppressor, PTEN /MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 13375–13378. [DOI] [PMID: 9593664]
[EC 3.1.3.67 created 1999, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.78     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = PtdIns5P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
Other name(s): phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase I; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase II; type I PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-Ptase; type II PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-Ptase; IpgD; PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-phosphatase type I; PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-phosphatase type II; type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase; type 1 4-phosphatase
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase
Comments: Two pathways exist in mammalian cells to degrade 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] [2]. One is catalysed by this enzyme and the other by EC 3.1.3.36, phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase, where the product is PtdIns4P. The enzyme from human is specific for PtdIns(4,5)P2 as substrate, as it cannot use PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(3,5)P2, PtdIns5P, PtdIns4P or PtdIns3P [2]. In humans, the enzyme is localized to late endosomal/lysosomal membranes [2]. It can control nuclear levels of PtdIns5P and thereby control p53-dependent apoptosis [3].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Niebuhr, K., Giuriato, S., Pedron, T., Philpott, D.J., Gaits, F., Sable, J., Sheetz, M.P., Parsot, C., Sansonetti, P.J. and Payrastre, B. Conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 into PtdIns(5)P by the S. flexneri effector IpgD reorganizes host cell morphology. EMBO J. 21 (2002) 5069–5078. [DOI] [PMID: 12356723]
2.  Ungewickell, A., Hugge, C., Kisseleva, M., Chang, S.C., Zou, J., Feng, Y., Galyov, E.E., Wilson, M. and Majerus, P.W. The identification and characterization of two phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (2005) 18854–18859. [DOI] [PMID: 16365287]
3.  Zou, J., Marjanovic, J., Kisseleva, M.V., Wilson, M. and Majerus, P.W. Type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase regulates stress-induced apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 (2007) 16834–16839. [DOI] [PMID: 17940011]
4.  Mason, D., Mallo, G.V., Terebiznik, M.R., Payrastre, B., Finlay, B.B., Brumell, J.H., Rameh, L. and Grinstein, S. Alteration of epithelial structure and function associated with PtdIns(4,5)P2 degradation by a bacterial phosphatase. J. Gen. Physiol. 129 (2007) 267–283. [DOI] [PMID: 17389247]
[EC 3.1.3.78 created 2008]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.86     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(1,3,4,5)P4
Other name(s): SHIP1; SHIP2; SHIP; p150Ship
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphohydrolase
Comments: This enzyme hydrolyses 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2, thereby negatively regulating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathways. The enzyme also shows activity toward (PtdIns(1,3,4,5)P4) [5]. The enzyme is involved in several signal transduction pathways in the immune system leading to an adverse range of effects.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Lioubin, M.N., Algate, P.A., Tsai, S., Carlberg, K., Aebersold, A. and Rohrschneider, L.R. p150Ship, a signal transduction molecule with inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase activity. Genes Dev. 10 (1996) 1084–1095. [DOI] [PMID: 8654924]
2.  Damen, J.E., Liu, L., Rosten, P., Humphries, R.K., Jefferson, A.B., Majerus, P.W. and Krystal, G. The 145-kDa protein induced to associate with Shc by multiple cytokines is an inositol tetraphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate 5-phosphatase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996) 1689–1693. [DOI] [PMID: 8643691]
3.  Giuriato, S., Payrastre, B., Drayer, A.L., Plantavid, M., Woscholski, R., Parker, P., Erneux, C. and Chap, H. Tyrosine phosphorylation and relocation of SHIP are integrin-mediated in thrombin-stimulated human blood platelets. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 26857–26863. [DOI] [PMID: 9341117]
4.  Drayer, A.L., Pesesse, X., De Smedt, F., Woscholski, R., Parker, P. and Erneux, C. Cloning and expression of a human placenta inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 225 (1996) 243–249. [DOI] [PMID: 8769125]
5.  Pesesse, X., Moreau, C., Drayer, A.L., Woscholski, R., Parker, P. and Erneux, C. The SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP2 displays phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity. FEBS Lett. 437 (1998) 301–303. [DOI] [PMID: 9824312]
[EC 3.1.3.86 created 2011]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.95     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = PtdIns5P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,5)P2
Other name(s): MTMR; PtdIns-3,5-P2 3-Ptase
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase
Comments: The enzyme is found in both plants and animals. It also has the activity of EC 3.1.3.64 (phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Walker, D.M., Urbe, S., Dove, S.K., Tenza, D., Raposo, G. and Clague, M.J. Characterization of MTMR3. an inositol lipid 3-phosphatase with novel substrate specificity. Curr. Biol. 11 (2001) 1600–1605. [DOI] [PMID: 11676921]
2.  Berger, P., Bonneick, S., Willi, S., Wymann, M. and Suter, U. Loss of phosphatase activity in myotubularin-related protein 2 is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B1. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11 (2002) 1569–1579. [DOI] [PMID: 12045210]
3.  Ding, Y., Lapko, H., Ndamukong, I., Xia, Y., Al-Abdallat, A., Lalithambika, S., Sadder, M., Saleh, A., Fromm, M., Riethoven, J.J., Lu, G. and Avramova, Z. The Arabidopsis chromatin modifier ATX1, the myotubularin-like AtMTM and the response to drought. Plant Signal. Behav. 4 (2009) 1049–1058. [PMID: 19901554]
[EC 3.1.3.95 created 2014]
 
 
EC 3.1.4.11     
Accepted name: phosphoinositide phospholipase C
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + diacylglycerol
For diagram of myo-inositol-phosphate biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase; phosphoinositidase C; 1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase; monophosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C; PI-PLC; 1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase
Comments: These enzymes form some of the cyclic phosphate Ins(cyclic1,2)P(4,5)P2 as well as Ins(1,4,5)P3. They show activity towards phosphatidylinositol, i.e., the activity of EC 4.6.1.13, phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase, in vitro at high [Ca2+]. Four β-isoforms regulated by G-proteins, two γ-forms regulated by tyrosine kinases, four δ-forms regulated at least in part by calcium and an ε-form, probably regulated by the oncogene ras, have been found.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 63551-76-8
References:
1.  Downes, C.P. and Michell, R.H. The polyphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase of erythrocyte membranes. Biochem. J. 198 (1981) 133–140. [PMID: 6275838]
2.  Thompson, W. and Dawson, R.M.C. The triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase of brain tissue. Biochem. J. 91 (1964) 237–243. [PMID: 4284484]
3.  Rhee, S.G. and Bae, Y.S. Regulation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C isozymes. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 15045–15048. [DOI] [PMID: 9182519]
[EC 3.1.4.11 created 1972, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 3.1.4.50     
Accepted name: glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D
Reaction: 6-(α-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = 6-(α-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol + 3-sn-phosphatidate
For diagram of glycosylphosphatidyl-myo-inositol biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): GPI-PLD; glycoprotein phospholipase D; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase D; phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D
Systematic name: glycoprotein-phosphatidylinositol phosphatidohydrolase
Comments: This enzyme is also active when O-4 of the glucosamine is substituted by carrying the oligosaccharide that can link a protein to the structure. It therefore cleaves proteins from the lipid part of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, but does so by hydrolysis, whereas glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase (EC 4.6.1.14) does so by elimination. It acts on plasma membranes only after solubilization of the substrate with detergents or solvents, but it may act on intracellular membranes.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 113756-14-2
References:
1.  Low, M.G. and Prasad, A.R.S. A phospholipase D specific for the phosphatidylinositol anchor of cell-surface proteins is abundant in plasma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 980–984. [DOI] [PMID: 3422494]
2.  Malik, A.-S. and Low, M.G. Conversion of human placental alkaline phosphatase from a high Mr form to a low Mr form during butanol extraction. An investigation of the role of endogenous phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases. Biochem. J. 240 (1986) 519–527. [PMID: 3028377]
3.  Li, J.Y., Hollfelder, K., Huang, K.S. and Low, M.G. Structural features of GPI-specific phospholipase D revealed by fragmentation and Ca2+ binding studies. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 28963–28971. [PMID: 7961859]
4.  Deeg, M.A, Vierman, E.L. and Cheung, M.C. GPI-specific phospholipase D associates with an apoA-I- and apoA-IV-containing complex. J. Lipid Res. 42 (2001) 442–451. [PMID: 11254757]
[EC 3.1.4.50 created 1990, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 3.5.1.89     
Accepted name: N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase
Reaction: 6-(N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = 6-(α-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + acetate
For diagram of glycosylphosphatidyl-myo-inositol biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol acetylhydrolase; N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase; GlcNAc-PI de-N-acetylase; GlcNAc-PI deacetylase; acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase
Systematic name: 6-(N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol acetylhydrolase
Comments: Involved in the second step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor formation in all eukaryotes. The enzyme appears to be composed of a single subunit (PIG-L in mammalian cells and GPI12 in yeast). In some species, the long-chain sn-1-acyl group of the phosphatidyl group is replaced by a long-chain alkyl or alk-1-enyl group.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 122191-30-4
References:
1.  Doering, T.L., Masteron, W.J., Englund, P.T. and Hart, G.W. Biosynthesis of the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of the trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein. Origin of the non-acetylated glucosamine. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 11168–11173. [PMID: 2525555]
2.  Nakamura, N., Inoue, N., Watanabe, R., Takahashi, M., Takeda, J., Stevens, V.L. and Kinoshita, T. Expression cloning of PIG-L, a candidate N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol deacetylase. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 15834–15840. [DOI] [PMID: 9188481]
3.  Watanabe, R., Ohishi, K., Maeda, Y., Nakamura, N. and Kinoshita, T. Mammalian PIG-L and its yeast homologue Gpi12p are N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylases essential in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Biochem. J. 339 (1999) 185–192. [PMID: 10085243]
4.  Smith, T.K, Crossman, A., Borissow, C.N., Paterson, M.J., Dix, A., Brimacombe, J.S. and Ferguson, M.A.J. Specificity of GlcNAc-PI de-N-acetylase of GPI biosynthesis and synthesis of parasite-specific suicide substrate inhibitors. EMBO J. 20 (2001) 3322–3332. [DOI] [PMID: 11432820]
[EC 3.5.1.89 created 1992 as EC 3.1.1.69, transferred 2002 to EC 3.5.1.89, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 4.6.1.13     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Other name(s): monophosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C; 1-phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase; 1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol inositolphosphohydrolase (cyclic-phosphate-forming); 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol diacylglycerol-lyase (1,2-cyclic-phosphate-forming)
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-lyase (1D-myo-inositol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate-forming)
Comments: This enzyme is bacterial. Activity is also found in animals, but this activity is due to the presence of EC 3.1.4.11, phosphoinositide phospholipase C.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37288-19-0
References:
1.  Allan, D. and Michell, R.H. Phosphatidylinositol cleavage catalysed by the soluble fraction from lymphocytes. Activity at pH5.5 and pH7.0. Biochem. J. 142 (1974) 591–597. [PMID: 4377210]
2.  Friedel, R.O., Brown, J.D. and Durell, J. Monophosphatidyl inositol inositolphosphohydrolase in guinea-pig brain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 144 (1967) 684–686. [DOI] [PMID: 4294905]
3.  Irvine, R.F. The enzymology of stimulated inositol lipid turnover. Cell Calcium 3 (1982) 295–309. [DOI] [PMID: 6297738]
4.  Michell, R.H. and Allan, D. Inositol cyclic phosphate as a product of phosphatidylinositol breakdown by phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus). FEBS Lett. 53 (1975) 302–304. [DOI] [PMID: 236918]
5.  Low, M.G. and Finean, J.B. Release of alkaline phosphatase from membranes by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Biochem. J. 167 (1977) 281–284. [PMID: 588258]
6.  Henner, D.J., Yang, M., Chen, E., Helmikss, R. and Low, M.G. Sequence of the Bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Nucleic Acids Res. 16 (1988) 10383. [DOI] [PMID: 3194218]
[EC 4.6.1.13 created 1972 as EC 3.1.4.10, modified 1976, transferred 2002 to EC 4.6.1.13]
 
 
EC 4.6.1.14     
Accepted name: glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase
Reaction: 6-(α-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = 6-(α-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
For diagram of glycosylphosphatidyl-myo-inositol biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): (glycosyl)phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C; GPI-PLC; GPI-specific phospholipase C; VSG-lipase; glycosyl inositol phospholipid anchor-hydrolyzing enzyme; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C; variant-surface-glycoprotein phospholipase C; 6-(α-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol diacylglycerol-lyase (1,2-cyclic-phosphate-forming)
Systematic name: 6-(α-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-lyase [6-(α-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate-forming]
Comments: This enzyme is also active when O-4 of the glucosamine is substituted by carrying the oligosaccharide that can link a protein to the structure. It therefore cleaves proteins from the lipid part of the glycosylphostphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. In some cases, the long-chain acyl group at the sn-1 position of glycerol is replaced by an alkyl or alk-1-enyl group. In other cases, the diacylglycerol is replaced by ceramide (see Lip-1.4 and Lip-1.5 for definition). The only characterized enzyme with this specificity is from Trypanosoma brucei, where the acyl groups are myristoyl, but the function of the trypanosome enzyme is unknown. Substitution on O-2 of the inositol blocks action of this enzyme. It is not identical with EC 3.1.4.50, glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 129070-68-4
References:
1.  Hereld, D., Krakow, J.L., Bangs, J.D., Hart, G.W. and Englund, P.T. A phospholipase C from Trypanosoma brucei which selectively cleaves the glycolipid on the variant surface glycoprotein. J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1986) 13813–13819. [PMID: 3759991]
2.  Carnall, N., Webb, H. and Carrington, M. Mutagenesis study of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase C of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 90 (1997) 423–432. [DOI] [PMID: 9476790]
3.  Armah, D.A. and Mensa-Wilmot, K. Tetramerization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Trypanosoma brucei. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 19334–19342. [DOI] [PMID: 10764777]
[EC 4.6.1.14 created 1989 as EC 3.1.4.47, transferred 2002 to EC 4.6.1.14]
 
 


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