The Enzyme Database

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EC 2.3.1.91     
Accepted name: sinapoylglucose—choline O-sinapoyltransferase
Reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose + choline = D-glucose + sinapoylcholine
Glossary: sinapoyl = 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl
Other name(s): sinapine synthase
Systematic name: 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose:choline 1-O-sinapoyltransferase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 85205-00-1
References:
1.  Gräwe, W. and Strack, D. Partial-purification and some properties of 1-sinapoylglucose-choline sinapoyltransferase (sinapine synthase) from seeds of Raphanus sativus L. and Sinapis alba L. Z. Naturforsch. C: Biosci. 41 (1986) 28–33.
[EC 2.3.1.91 created 1986]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.92     
Accepted name: sinapoylglucose—malate O-sinapoyltransferase
Reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose + (S)-malate = D-glucose + sinapoyl-(S)-malate
Other name(s): 1-sinapoylglucose-L-malate sinapoyltransferase; sinapoylglucose:malate sinapoyltransferase
Systematic name: 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose:(S)-malate O-sinapoyltransferase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 76095-65-3
References:
1.  Strack, D. Development of 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose-l-malate sinapoyltransferase activity in cotyledons of red radish (Raphanus sativus L. var sativus). Planta 155 (1982) 31–36. [PMID: 24271623]
[EC 2.3.1.92 created 1986]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.103     
Accepted name: sinapoylglucose—sinapoylglucose O-sinapoyltransferase
Reaction: 2 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose = D-glucose + 1,2-bis-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose
Glossary: 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose = 1-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]-β-D-glucopyranose
Other name(s): hydroxycinnamoylglucose-hydroxycinnamoylglucose hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; 1-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucose:1-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucose hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; 1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucoside:1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucoside 1-O-sinapoyltransferase
Systematic name: 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose:1-O-sinnapoyl-β-D-glucose 1-O-sinapoyltransferase
Comments: The plant enzyme, characterized from Brassicaceae, is involved in secondary metabolism.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 103537-11-7
References:
1.  Dahlbender, B. and Strack, D. Purification and properties of 1-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucose-1-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucose hydroxycinnamoyl-transferase from radish seedlings. Phytochemistry 25 (1986) 1043–1046.
2.  Fraser, C.M., Thompson, M.G., Shirley, A.M., Ralph, J., Schoenherr, J.A., Sinlapadech, T., Hall, M.C. and Chapple, C. Related Arabidopsis serine carboxypeptidase-like sinapoylglucose acyltransferases display distinct but overlapping substrate specificities. Plant Physiol. 144 (2007) 1986–1999. [PMID: 17600138]
[EC 2.3.1.103 created 1989]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.106     
Accepted name: tartronate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Reaction: sinapoyl-CoA + 2-hydroxymalonate = CoA + sinapoyltartronate
For diagram of reaction, click here
Glossary: sinapate = 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate
tartronate = 2-hydroxymalonate
Other name(s): tartronate sinapoyltransferase; hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme-A:tartronate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Systematic name: sinapoyl-CoA:2-hydroxymalonate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: 4-Coumaroyl-CoA (4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA), caffeoyl-CoA (3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-CoA) and feruloyl-CoA (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl-CoA) can also act as donors for the enzyme from the mung bean (Vigna radiata).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 102484-57-1
References:
1.  Strack, D., Ruhoff, R. and Gräwe, W. Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme-A-tartronate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in protein preparations from mung bean. Phytochemistry 25 (1986) 833–837.
[EC 2.3.1.106 created 1989, modified 1990, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.110     
Accepted name: tyramine N-feruloyltransferase
Reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine
Other name(s): tyramine N-feruloyl-CoA transferase; feruloyltyramine synthase; feruloyl-CoA tyramine N-feruloyl-CoA transferase; tyramine feruloyltransferase
Systematic name: feruloyl-CoA:tyramine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: Cinnamoyl-CoA, 4-coumaroyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA can also act as donors, and some aromatic amines can act as acceptors.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 128909-19-3
References:
1.  Negrel, J. and Martin, C. The biosynthesis of feruloyltyramine in Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochemistry 23 (1984) 2797–2801.
[EC 2.3.1.110 created 1989]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.130     
Accepted name: galactarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Reaction: feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = CoA + O-feruloylgalactarate
Other name(s): galacturate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Systematic name: feruloyl-CoA:galactarate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: Sinapoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA can also act as donors.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 112956-50-0
References:
1.  Strack, D., Keller, H. and Weissenböck, G. Enzymatic-synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid-esters of sugar acids and hydroaromatic acids by protein preparations from rye (Secale cereale) primary leaves. J. Plant Physiol. 131 (1987) 61–73.
[EC 2.3.1.130 created 1990]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.131     
Accepted name: glucarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Reaction: sinapoyl-CoA + glucarate = CoA + O-sinapoylglucarate
Systematic name: sinapoyl-CoA:glucarate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: 4-Coumaroyl-CoA, feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA can also act as donors, but more slowly.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 112956-51-1
References:
1.  Strack, D., Keller, H. and Weissenböck, G. Enzymatic-synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid-esters of sugar acids and hydroaromatic acids by protein preparations from rye (Secale cereale) primary leaves. J. Plant Physiol. 131 (1987) 61–73.
[EC 2.3.1.131 created 1990]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.132     
Accepted name: glucarolactone O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Reaction: sinapoyl-CoA + glucarolactone = CoA + O-sinapoylglucarolactone
Systematic name: sinapoyl-CoA:glucarolactone O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: 4-Coumaroyl-CoA, feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA can also act as donors, but more slowly.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 112956-52-2
References:
1.  Strack, D., Keller, H. and Weissenböck, G. Enzymatic-synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid-esters of sugar acids and hydroaromatic acids by protein preparations from rye (Secale cereale) primary leaves. J. Plant Physiol. 131 (1987) 61–73.
[EC 2.3.1.132 created 1990]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.133     
Accepted name: shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + shikimate = CoA + 4-coumaroylshikimate
Other name(s): shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Systematic name: 4-coumaroyl-CoA:shikimate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: Caffeoyl-CoA, feruloyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA can also act as donors, but more slowly.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 73904-44-6
References:
1.  Strack, D., Keller, H. and Weissenböck, G. Enzymatic-synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid-esters of sugar acids and hydroaromatic acids by protein preparations from rye (Secale cereale) primary leaves. J. Plant Physiol. 131 (1987) 61–73.
2.  Ulbrich, B. and Zenk, M.H. Partial purification and properties of p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate-p-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase from higher plants. Phytochemistry 19 (1980) 1625–1629.
[EC 2.3.1.133 created 1990]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.138     
Accepted name: putrescine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + putrescine = CoA + N-caffeoylputrescine
Glossary: putrescine = butane-1,4-diamine
Other name(s): caffeoyl-CoA putrescine N-caffeoyl transferase; PHT; putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Systematic name: caffeoyl-CoA:putrescine N-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: Feruloyl-CoA, cinnamoyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA can also act as donors, but more slowly.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 120598-69-8
References:
1.  Negrel, J. The biosynthesis of cinnamoylputrescines in callus-tissue cultures of Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochemistry 28 (1989) 477–481.
[EC 2.3.1.138 created 1992]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.188     
Accepted name: ω-hydroxypalmitate O-feruloyl transferase
Reaction: feruloyl-CoA + 16-hydroxypalmitate = CoA + 16-feruloyloxypalmitate
Other name(s): hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ω-hydroxypalmitic acid O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; HHT
Systematic name: feruloyl-CoA:16-hydroxypalmitate feruloyltransferase
Comments: p-Coumaroyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA also act as substrates. The enzyme is widely distributed in roots of higher plants.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Lotfy, S., Negrel, J. and Javelle, F. Formation of feruloyloxypalmitic acid by an enzyme from wound-healing potato tuber discs. Phytochemistry 35 (1994) 1419–1424.
2.  Lotfy, S. Javelle, F. and Negrel, J. Distribution of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ω-hydroxypalmitic acid O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in higher plants. Phytochemistry 40 (1995) 389–391.
3.  Lotfy, S. Javelle, F. and Negrel, J. Purification and characterization of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ω-hydroxypalmitic acid O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cell-suspension cultures. Planta 199 (1996) 475–480.
[EC 2.3.1.188 created 2009]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.213     
Accepted name: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-glucosyl-2-O-xylosylgalactoside) 6′′′-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
Reaction: 1-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-β-D-glucosyl-2-O-β-D-xylosyl-β-D-galactoside) = β-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(6-O-4-hydroxycinnamoyl-β-D-glucosyl)-2-O-β-D-xylosyl-β-D-galactoside]
For diagram of cyanidin galactoside biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 1-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose = 1-O-(4-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucose
cyanidin = 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavylium
Other name(s): 1-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose:cyanidin 3-O-(2"-O-xylosyl-6"-O-glucosylgalactoside) 6′′′-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Systematic name: 1-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose:cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-β-D-glucosyl-2-O-β-D-xylosyl-β-D-galactoside) 6′′′-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: Isolated from the plant Daucus carota (Afghan cultivar carrot). In addition to 1-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucose, the enzyme can use the 1-O-sinapoyl- and 1-O-feruloyl- derivatives of β-D-glucose.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Gläßgen, W.E. and Seitz, H.U. Acylation of anthocyanins with hydroxycinnamic acids via 1-O-acylglucosides by protein preparations from cell cultures of Daucus carota L. Planta 186 (1992) 582–585. [PMID: 24186789]
[EC 2.3.1.213 created 2013]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.248     
Accepted name: spermidine disinapoyl transferase
Reaction: 2 sinapoyl-CoA + spermidine = 2 CoA + N1,N8-bis(sinapoyl)-spermidine
Other name(s): SDT
Systematic name: sinapoyl-CoA:spermidine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: The enzyme from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana has no activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA (cf. EC 2.3.1.249, spermidine dicoumaroyl transferase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Luo, J., Fuell, C., Parr, A., Hill, L., Bailey, P., Elliott, K., Fairhurst, S.A., Martin, C. and Michael, A.J. A novel polyamine acyltransferase responsible for the accumulation of spermidine conjugates in Arabidopsis seed. Plant Cell 21 (2009) 318–333. [DOI] [PMID: 19168716]
[EC 2.3.1.248 created 2015]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.249     
Accepted name: spermidine dicoumaroyl transferase
Reaction: 2 4-coumaroyl-CoA + spermidine = 2 CoA + N1,N8-bis(4-coumaroyl)-spermidine
Other name(s): SCT
Systematic name: 4-coumaroyl-CoA:spermidine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
Comments: The enzyme from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana has no activity with sinapoyl-CoA (cf. EC 2.3.1.248, spermidine disinapoyl transferase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Luo, J., Fuell, C., Parr, A., Hill, L., Bailey, P., Elliott, K., Fairhurst, S.A., Martin, C. and Michael, A.J. A novel polyamine acyltransferase responsible for the accumulation of spermidine conjugates in Arabidopsis seed. Plant Cell 21 (2009) 318–333. [DOI] [PMID: 19168716]
[EC 2.3.1.249 created 2015]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.120     
Accepted name: sinapate 1-glucosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-α-D-glucose + sinapate = UDP + 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose
Glossary: sinapate = (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
Other name(s): uridine diphosphoglucose-sinapate glucosyltransferase; UDP-glucose:sinapic acid glucosyltransferase; uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose-hydroxycinnamic acid acylglucosyltransferase; UDP-glucose:sinapate D-glucosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-glucose:sinapate D-glucosyltransferase
Comments: Some other hydroxycinnamates, including 4-coumarate, ferulate and caffeate, can act as acceptors, but more slowly. Only glucose esters, not glucosides, are formed (cf. EC 2.4.1.126 hydroxycinnamate 4-β-glucosyltransferase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 74082-53-4
References:
1.  Strack, D. Enzymatic synthesis of 1-sinapoylglucose from free sinapic acid and UDP-glucose by a cell free system from Raphanus sativus seedlings. Z. Naturforsch. C: Biosci. 35 (1980) 204–208.
[EC 2.4.1.120 created 1984]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.299     
Accepted name: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose)
Reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside = sinapate + cyanidin 3,5-di-O-β-D-glucoside
For diagram of anthocyanidin glucoside biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: sinapate = 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate
cyanidin = 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavylium
Other name(s): AA5GT
Systematic name: 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose:cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucoside 5-O-β-D-glucosyltransferase
Comments: Isolated from the plant Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation). Also acts on other anthocyanidins and with other acyl-glucose donors. cf. EC 2.4.1.298, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Matsuba, Y., Sasaki, N., Tera, M., Okamura, M., Abe, Y., Okamoto, E., Nakamura, H., Funabashi, H., Takatsu, M., Saito, M., Matsuoka, H., Nagasawa, K. and Ozeki, Y. A novel glucosylation reaction on anthocyanins catalyzed by acyl-glucose-dependent glucosyltransferase in the petals of carnation and delphinium. Plant Cell 22 (2010) 3374–3389. [DOI] [PMID: 20971893]
2.  Nishizaki, Y., Matsuba, Y., Okamoto, E., Okamura, M., Ozeki, Y. and Sasaki, N. Structure of the acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene in carnations and its disruption by transposable elements in some varieties. Mol. Genet. Genomics 286 (2011) 383–394. [DOI] [PMID: 22048706]
[EC 2.4.1.299 created 2013]
 
 
EC 3.1.1.49     
Accepted name: sinapine esterase
Reaction: sinapoylcholine + H2O = sinapate + choline
Other name(s): aromatic choline esterase
Systematic name: sinapoylcholine sinapohydrolase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 72506-67-3
References:
1.  Nurmann, G. and Strack, D. Sinapine esterase. 1. Characterization of sinapine esterase from cotyledons of Raphanus sativus. Z. Naturforsch. C: Biosci. 34 (1979) 715–720.
[EC 3.1.1.49 created 1984]
 
 
EC 6.2.1.12     
Accepted name: 4-coumarate—CoA ligase
Reaction: ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
For diagram of chalcone and stilbene biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 4-coumarate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
Other name(s): 4-coumaroyl-CoA synthetase; p-coumaroyl CoA ligase; p-coumaryl coenzyme A synthetase; p-coumaryl-CoA synthetase; p-coumaryl-CoA ligase; feruloyl CoA ligase; hydroxycinnamoyl CoA synthetase; 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase; caffeolyl coenzyme A synthetase; p-hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A synthetase; feruloyl coenzyme A synthetase; sinapoyl coenzyme A synthetase; 4-coumaryl-CoA synthetase; hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase; p-coumaryl-CoA ligase; p-hydroxycinnamic acid:CoA ligase; 4CL
Systematic name: 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37332-51-7
References:
1.  Gross, G.G. and Zenk, M.H. Isolation and properties of hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase from lignifying tissue of Forsythia. Eur. J. Biochem. 42 (1974) 453–459. [DOI] [PMID: 4364250]
2.  Lindl, T., Kreuzaler, F. and Hahlbrock, F. Synthesis of p-coumaroyl coenzyme A with a partially purified p-coumarate:CoA ligase from cell suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 302 (1973) 457–464. [DOI] [PMID: 4699252]
[EC 6.2.1.12 created 1976]
 
 


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