The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.11.1.14     
Accepted name: lignin peroxidase
Reaction: (1) 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol + H2O2 = 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde + 2-methoxyphenol + glycolaldehyde + H2O
(2) 2 (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol + H2O2 = 2 (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol radical + 2 H2O
Glossary: veratryl alcohol = (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol
veratraldehyde = 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
2-methoxyphenol = guaiacol
Other name(s): diarylpropane oxygenase; ligninase I; diarylpropane peroxidase; LiP; diarylpropane:oxygen,hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase (C-C-bond-cleaving); 1,2-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase (incorrect); (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
Systematic name: 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
Comments: A hemoprotein, involved in the oxidative breakdown of lignin by white-rot basidiomycete fungi. The reaction involves an initial oxidation of the heme iron by hydrogen peroxide, forming compound I (FeIV=O radical cation) at the active site. A single one-electron reduction of compound I by an electron derived from a substrate molecule yields compound II (FeIV=O non-radical cation), followed by a second one-electron transfer that returns the enzyme to the ferric oxidation state. The electron transfer events convert the substrate molecule into a transient cation radical intermediate that fragments spontaneously. The enzyme can act on a wide range of aromatic compounds, including methoxybenzenes and nonphenolic β-O-4 linked arylglycerol β-aryl ethers, but cannot act directly on the lignin molecule, which is too large to fit into the active site. However larger lignin molecules can be degraded in the presence of veratryl alcohol. It has been suggested that the free radical that is formed when the enzyme acts on veratryl alcohol can diffuse into the lignified cell wall, where it oxidizes lignin and other organic substrates. In the presence of high concentration of hydrogen peroxide and lack of substrate, the enzyme forms a catalytically inactive form (compound III). This form can be rescued by interaction with two molecules of the free radical products. In the case of veratryl alcohol, such an interaction yields two molecules of veratryl aldehyde.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 93792-13-3
References:
1.  Kersten, P.J., Tien, M., Kalyanaraman, B. and Kirk, T.K. The ligninase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium generates cation radicals from methoxybenzenes. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 2609–2612. [PMID: 2982828]
2.  Paszczynski, A., Huynh, V.-B. and Crawford, R. Comparison of ligninase-I and peroxidase-M2 from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 244 (1986) 750–765. [DOI] [PMID: 3080953]
3.  Harvey, P.J., Schoemaker, H.E. and Palmer, J.M. Veratryl alcohol as a mediator and the role of radical cations in lignin biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FEBS Lett. 195 (1986) 242–246.
4.  Wariishi, H., Marquez, L., Dunford, H.B. and Gold, M.H. Lignin peroxidase compounds II and III. Spectral and kinetic characterization of reactions with peroxides. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 11137–11142. [PMID: 2162833]
5.  Cai, D.Y. and Tien, M. Characterization of the oxycomplex of lignin peroxidases from Phanerochaete chrysosporium: equilibrium and kinetics studies. Biochemistry 29 (1990) 2085–2091. [PMID: 2328240]
6.  Khindaria, A., Yamazaki, I. and Aust, S.D. Veratryl alcohol oxidation by lignin peroxidase. Biochemistry 34 (1995) 16860–16869. [PMID: 8527462]
7.  Khindaria, A., Yamazaki, I. and Aust, S.D. Stabilization of the veratryl alcohol cation radical by lignin peroxidase. Biochemistry 35 (1996) 6418–6424. [DOI] [PMID: 8639588]
8.  Khindaria, A., Nie, G. and Aust, S.D. Detection and characterization of the lignin peroxidase compound II-veratryl alcohol cation radical complex. Biochemistry 36 (1997) 14181–14185. [DOI] [PMID: 9369491]
9.  Doyle, W.A., Blodig, W., Veitch, N.C., Piontek, K. and Smith, A.T. Two substrate interaction sites in lignin peroxidase revealed by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry 37 (1998) 15097–15105. [DOI] [PMID: 9790672]
10.  Pollegioni, L., Tonin, F. and Rosini, E. Lignin-degrading enzymes. FEBS J. 282 (2015) 1190–1213. [DOI] [PMID: 25649492]
[EC 1.11.1.14 created 1992, modified 2006, modified 2011, modified 2016]
 
 


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