The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.14.99.38     
Accepted name: cholesterol 25-monooxygenase
Reaction: cholesterol + reduced acceptor + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + acceptor + H2O
For diagram of cholic acid biosynthesis (sidechain), click here
Glossary: cholesterol = cholest-5-en-3β-ol
Other name(s): cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: cholesterol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (25-hydroxylating)
Comments: Unlike most other sterol hydroxylases, this enzyme is not a cytochrome P-450. Instead, it uses diiron cofactors to catalyse the hydroxylation of hydrophobic substrates [1]. The diiron cofactor can be either Fe-O-Fe or Fe-OH-Fe and is bound to the enzyme through interactions with clustered histidine or glutamate residues [4,5]. In cell cultures, this enzyme down-regulates cholesterol synthesis and the processing of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). cf. EC 1.17.99.10, cholesterol C-25 hydroxylase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 60202-07-5
References:
1.  Lund, E.G., Kerr, T.A., Sakai, J., Li, W.P. and Russell, D.W. cDNA cloning of mouse and human cholesterol 25-hydroxylases, polytopic membrane proteins that synthesize a potent oxysterol regulator of lipid metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 34316–34327. [DOI] [PMID: 9852097]
2.  Chen, J.J., Lukyanenko, Y. and Hutson, J.C. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is produced by testicular macrophages during the early postnatal period and influences differentiation of Leydig cells in vitro. Biol. Reprod. 66 (2002) 1336–1341. [PMID: 11967195]
3.  Lukyanenko, Y., Chen, J.J. and Hutson, J.C. Testosterone regulates 25-hydroxycholesterol production in testicular macrophages. Biol. Reprod. 67 (2002) 1435–1438. [PMID: 12390873]
4.  Fox, B.G., Shanklin, J., Ai, J., Loehr, T.M. and Sanders-Loehr, J. Resonance Raman evidence for an Fe-O-Fe center in stearoyl-ACP desaturase. Primary sequence identity with other diiron-oxo proteins. Biochemistry 33 (1994) 12776–12786. [PMID: 7947683]
5.  Russell, D.W. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72 (2003) 137–174. [DOI] [PMID: 12543708]
[EC 1.14.99.38 created 2005, modified 2020]
 
 


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