ExplorEnz: EC 2.3.1.333

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2.3.1.333

Accepted name:

3-oxoglutarate synthase

Reaction:

2 malonyl-CoA + H₂O = 3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO₂

Other name(s):

EnPKS1; EnPKS2; PcPYKS1; HsPKS4

Systematic name:

malonyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA malonyltransferase (3-oxoglutarate-forming)

Comments:

The enzyme has been isolated from the plants Erythroxylum novogranatense and Atropa belladonna, and is widely distributed in Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae plants, where it is involved in the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids. The enzyme has also been isolated from the club-moss Huperzia serrata, and by implication is likely present in other Lycopodiaceae plants, where it is involved in the biosynthesis of lycopodium alkaloids.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc

References:

1.	Bedewitz, M.A., Jones, A.D., D'Auria, J.C. and Barry, C.S. Tropinone synthesis via an atypical polyketide synthase and P450-mediated cyclization. Nat. Commun. 9:5281 (2018). [DOI] [PMID: 30538251]
2.	Huang, J.P., Fang, C., Ma, X., Wang, L., Yang, J., Luo, J., Yan, Y., Zhang, Y. and Huang, S.X. Tropane alkaloids biosynthesis involves an unusual type III polyketide synthase and non-enzymatic condensation. Nat. Commun. 10:4036 (2019). [DOI] [PMID: 31492848]
3.	Wang, J., Zhang, Z.K., Jiang, F.F., Qi, B.W., Ding, N., Hnin, S.YY., Liu, X., Li, J., Wang, X.H., Tu, P.F., Abe, I., Morita, H. and Shi, S.P. Deciphering the biosynthetic mechanism of pelletierine in lycopodium alkaloid biosynthesis. Org. Lett. 22 (2020) 8725–8729. [DOI] [PMID: 33104367]
4.	Tian, T., Wang, Y.J., Huang, J.P., Li, J., Xu, B., Chen, Y., Wang, L., Yang, J., Yan, Y. and Huang, S.X. Catalytic innovation underlies independent recruitment of polyketide synthases in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis. Nat. Commun. 13:4994 (2022). [DOI] [PMID: 36008484]

[EC 2.3.1.333 created 2025]