ExplorEnz: EC 3.2.1.183

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3.2.1.183

Accepted name:

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (hydrolysing)

Reaction:

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + H₂O = N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + UDP

For diagram of N-acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis, click here, and for mechanism, click here

Other name(s):

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (ambiguous); GNE (gene name); siaA (gene name); neuC (gene name)

Systematic name:

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine hydrolase (2-epimerising)

Comments:

The enzyme is found in mammalian liver, as well as in some pathogenic bacteria including Neisseria meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus. It catalyses the first step of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) biosynthesis. The initial product formed is the α anomer, which rapidly mutarotates to a mixture of anomers [2]. The mammalian enzyme is bifunctional and also catalyses EC 2.7.1.60, N-acetylmannosamine kinase. cf. EC 5.1.3.14, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (non-hydrolysing).

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, Gene, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB

References:

1.	Stasche, R., Hinderlich, S., Weise, C., Effertz, K., Lucka, L., Moormann, P. and Reutter, W. A bifunctional enzyme catalyzes the first two steps in N-acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis of rat liver. Molecular cloning and functional expression of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 24319–24324. [DOI] [PMID: 9305888]
2.	Chou, W.K., Hinderlich, S., Reutter, W. and Tanner, M.E. Sialic acid biosynthesis: stereochemistry and mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by the mammalian UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 2455–2461. [DOI] [PMID: 12603133]
3.	Blume, A., Ghaderi, D., Liebich, V., Hinderlich, S., Donner, P., Reutter, W. and Lucka, L. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, functionally expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli, yeast, and insect cells. Protein Expr. Purif. 35 (2004) 387–396. [DOI] [PMID: 15135418]
4.	Murkin, A.S., Chou, W.K., Wakarchuk, W.W. and Tanner, M.E. Identification and mechanism of a bacterial hydrolyzing UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase. Biochemistry 43 (2004) 14290–14298. [DOI] [PMID: 15518580]

[EC 3.2.1.183 created 2012]