ExplorEnz: EC 3.4.21.68

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3.4.21.68

Accepted name:

t-plasminogen activator

Reaction:

Specific cleavage of Arg┼Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin

Other name(s):

tissue plasminogen activator; plasminogen activator, tissue-type; tissue-type plasminogen activator; tPA; t-PA

Comments:

A peptidase of family S1 (trypsin family) from a wide variety of mammalian tissues, especially endothelial cells. Secreted as a single chain precursor which is cleaved to a two-chain form by plasmin. Activity is considerably enhanced by fibrin. Formerly included in EC 3.4.21.31 and EC 3.4.99.26

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, Gene, KEGG, MetaCyc, MEROPS, PDB, CAS registry number: 139639-23-9

References:

1.	Pennica, D., Holmes, W.E., Kohr, W.J., Harkins, R.N., Vehar, G.A., Ward, C.A., Bennett, W.F., Yelverton, E., Seeburg, P.H., Heyneker, H.L., Goeddel, D.V. and Collen, D. Cloning and expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator cDNA in E. coli. Nature 301 (1983) 214–221. [PMID: 6337343]
2.	Loskutoff, D.J. and Schleef, R.R. Plasminogen activators and their inhibitors. Methods Enzymol. 163 (1988) 293–302. [PMID: 3148826]
3.	Petersen, L.C., Johannessen, M., Forster, D., Kumar, A. and Mulvihill, E. The effect of polymerised fibrin on the catalytic activities of one-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator as revealed by an analogue resistant to plasmin cleavage. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 952 (1988) 245–254. [PMID: 2962643]
4.	Verheijen, J.H. Tissue-type plasminogen activator and fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma. Methods Enzymol. 163 (1988) 302–309. [PMID: 3148827]
5.	Gerard, R.D. and Meidell, R.S. Regulation of tissue plasminogen activator expression. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 51 (1989) 245–262. [DOI] [PMID: 2496643]
6.	Collen, D., Lijnen, H. R. and Verstraete, M. The fibrinolytic system and its disorders. In: Handin, R.I., Lux, S.E. and Stossel, J.P. (Ed.), Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology, 2nd edn, J.B.Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1990.

[EC 3.4.21.68 created 1972 as EC 3.4.99.26, transferred 1978 as EC 3.4.21.31, part transferred 1992 to EC 3.4.21.68]