ExplorEnz: EC 3.5.99.12

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3.5.99.12

Accepted name:

salsolinol synthase

Reaction:

(R)-salsolinol + H₂O = dopamine + acetaldehyde

Glossary:

(R)-salsolinol = (+)-salsolinol = (1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methylisoquinoline-6,7-diol

Other name(s):

Sal synthase

Systematic name:

(R)-salsolinol dopamine-hydrolase (acetaldehyde-forming)

Comments:

The enzyme, present in mammalian brains, forms the catechol isoquinoline (R)-salsolinol. This compound can be metabolized to (R)-N-methylsalsolinol, a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-like neurotoxin that impairs the function of dopaminergic neurons, causing the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc

References:

1.	Naoi, M., Maruyama, W., Dostert, P., Kohda, K. and Kaiya, T. A novel enzyme enantio-selectively synthesizes (R)-salsolinol, a precursor of a dopaminergic neurotoxin, N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol. Neurosci. Lett. 212 (1996) 183–186. [DOI] [PMID: 8843103]
2.	Naoi, M., Maruyama, W., Takahashi, T., Akao, Y. and Nakagawa, Y. Involvement of endogenous N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol in Parkinson’s disease: induction of apoptosis and protection by (–)deprenyl. J. Neural Transm. Suppl. (2000) 111–121. [DOI] [PMID: 11128601]
3.	Chen, X., Zheng, X., Ali, S., Guo, M., Zhong, R., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Qing, H. and Deng, Y. Isolation and sequencing of salsolinol synthase, an enzyme catalyzing salsolinol biosynthesis. ACS Chem Neurosci 9 (2018) 1388–1398. [DOI] [PMID: 29602279]
4.	Xiong, Q., Zheng, X., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Deng, Y., Zhong, R., Wang, J. and Chen, X. Sal synthase induced cytotoxicity of PC12 cells through production of the dopamine metabolites salsolinol and N-methyl-salsolinol. J Integr Neurosci 21:71 (2022). [DOI] [PMID: 35364659]

[EC 3.5.99.12 created 2024]