ExplorEnz: EC 3.6.1.59

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3.6.1.59

Accepted name:

5′-(N⁷-methyl 5′-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] diphosphatase

Reaction:

a 5′-(N⁷-methyl 5′-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] + H₂O = N⁷-methylguanosine 5′-phosphate + a 5′-diphospho-[mRNA]

Other name(s):

DcpS; m⁷GpppX pyrophosphatase; m⁷GpppN m⁷GMP phosphohydrolase; m⁷GpppX diphosphatase; m⁷G5′ppp5’N m⁷GMP phosphohydrolase

Systematic name:

5′-(N⁷-methyl 5′-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] N⁷-methylguanosine 5′-phosphate phosphohydrolase

Comments:

The enzyme removes (decaps) the N⁷-methylguanosine 5-phosphate cap from an mRNA degraded to a maximal length of 10 nucleotides [3,6]. Decapping is an important process in the control of eukaryotic mRNA degradation. The enzyme functions to clear the cell of cap structure following decay of the RNA body [2]. The nematode enzyme can also decap triply methylated substrates, 5′-(N²,N²,N⁷-trimethyl 5′-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] [4].

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB

References:

1.	Malys, N. and McCarthy, J.E. Dcs2, a novel stress-induced modulator of m⁷GpppX pyrophosphatase activity that locates to P bodies. J. Mol. Biol. 363 (2006) 370–382. [DOI] [PMID: 16963086]
2.	Liu, S.W., Rajagopal, V., Patel, S.S. and Kiledjian, M. Mechanistic and kinetic analysis of the DcpS scavenger decapping enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 283 (2008) 16427–16436. [DOI] [PMID: 18441014]
3.	Liu, H., Rodgers, N.D., Jiao, X. and Kiledjian, M. The scavenger mRNA decapping enzyme DcpS is a member of the HIT family of pyrophosphatases. EMBO J. 21 (2002) 4699–4708. [DOI] [PMID: 12198172]
4.	van Dijk, E., Le Hir, H. and Seraphin, B. DcpS can act in the 5′-3′ mRNA decay pathway in addition to the 3′-5′ pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 12081–12086. [DOI] [PMID: 14523240]
5.	Chen, N., Walsh, M.A., Liu, Y., Parker, R. and Song, H. Crystal structures of human DcpS in ligand-free and m⁷GDP-bound forms suggest a dynamic mechanism for scavenger mRNA decapping. J. Mol. Biol. 347 (2005) 707–718. [DOI] [PMID: 15769464]
6.	Cohen, L.S., Mikhli, C., Friedman, C., Jankowska-Anyszka, M., Stepinski, J., Darzynkiewicz, E. and Davis, R.E. Nematode m⁷GpppG and m3(2,2,7)GpppG decapping: activities in Ascaris embryos and characterization of C. elegans scavenger DcpS. RNA 10 (2004) 1609–1624. [DOI] [PMID: 15383679]
7.	Wypijewska, A., Bojarska, E., Lukaszewicz, M., Stepinski, J., Jemielity, J., Davis, R.E. and Darzynkiewicz, E. 7-Methylguanosine diphosphate (m⁷GDP) is not hydrolyzed but strongly bound by decapping scavenger (DcpS) enzymes and potently inhibits their activity. Biochemistry 51 (2012) 8003–8013. [DOI] [PMID: 22985415]

[EC 3.6.1.59 created 2012, modified 2013]