ExplorEnz: EC 3.6.5.1

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3.6.5.1

Accepted name:

heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase

Reaction:

GTP + H₂O = GDP + phosphate

Systematic name:

GTP phosphohydrolase (signalling)

Comments:

This group comprises GTP-hydrolysing systems, where GTP and GDP alternate in binding. This group includes stimulatory and inhibitory G-proteins such as G_s, G_i, G_o and G_olf, targetting adenylate cyclase and/or K⁺ and Ca²⁺ channels; G_q stimulating phospholipase C; transducin activating cGMP phosphodiesterase; gustducin activating cAMP phosphodiesterase. G_olf is instrumental in odour perception, transducin in vision and gustducin in taste recognition. At least 16 different α subunits (39-52 kDa), 5 β subunits (36 kDa) and 12 γ subunits (6-9 kDa) are known.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB

References:

1.	Neer, E.J. Heterotrimeric G proteins: organizers of transmembrane signals. Cell 80 (1995) 249–259. [DOI] [PMID: 7834744]
2.	Sprang, S.R. G protein mechanisms: insights from structural analysis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 66 (1997) 639–678. [DOI] [PMID: 9242920]
3.	Bondarenko, V.A., Deasi, M., Dua, S., Yamazaki, M., Amin, R.H., Yousif, K.K., Kinumi, T., Ohashi, M., Komori, N., Matsumoto, H., Jackson, K.W., Hayashi, F., Usukura, J., Lipikin, V.M. and Yamazaki, A. Residues within the polycationic region of cGMP phosphodiesterase γ subunit crucial for the interaction with transducin α subunit. Identification by endogenous ADP-ribosylation and site-directed mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 15856–15864. [DOI] [PMID: 9188484]
4.	Ming, D., Ruiz-Avila, L. and Margolskee, R.F. Characterization and solubilization of bitter-responsive receptors that couple to gustducin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 8933–8938. [DOI] [PMID: 9671782]

[EC 3.6.5.1 created 2000 as EC 3.6.1.46, transferred 2003 to EC 3.6.5.1]