ExplorEnz: EC 4.2.3.16

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4.2.3.16

Accepted name:

(4S)-limonene synthase

Reaction:

geranyl diphosphate = (S)-limonene + diphosphate

For diagram of perillyl alcohol, isopiperitol and carveol biosynthesis, click here

Glossary:

limonene = a monoterpenoid
(S)-limonene = (-)-limonene

Other name(s):

(-)-(4S)-limonene synthase; 4S-(-)-limonene synthase; geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase (limonene forming); geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase [cyclizing, (4S)-limonene-forming]; geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing; (-)-(4S)-limonene-forming]

Systematic name:

geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing; (S)-limonene-forming]

Comments:

A recombinant enzyme (also known as a monoterpene synthase or cyclase) from the grand fir (Abies grandis) requires Mn²⁺ and K⁺ for activity. Mg²⁺ is essentially ineffective as the divalent metal ion cofactor.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, Gene, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 110639-20-8

References:

1.	Bohlmann, J., Steele, C.L. and Croteau, R. Monoterpene synthases from grand fir (Abies grandis). cDNA isolation, characterization, and functional expression of myrcene synthase, (-)-(4S)-limonene synthase, and (-)-(1S,5S)-pinene synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 21784–21792. [DOI] [PMID: 9268308]
2.	Collby, S.M., Alonso, W.R., Katahira, E.J., McGarvey, D.J. and Croteau, R. 4S-Limonene synthase from the oil glands of spearmint (Mentha spicata). cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of the catalytically active monoterpene cyclase. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 23016–23024. [PMID: 8226816]
3.	Yuba, A., Yazaki, K., Tabata, M., Honda, G. and Croteau, R. cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of 4S-(-)-limonene synthase from Perilla frutescens. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 332 (1996) 280–287. [DOI] [PMID: 8806736]

[EC 4.2.3.16 created 2000 as EC 4.1.99.10, transferred 2000 to EC 4.2.3.16, modified 2003]