ExplorEnz: EC 4.2.3.27

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4.2.3.27

Accepted name:

isoprene synthase

Reaction:

prenyl diphosphate = isoprene + diphosphate

For diagram of isoprene biosynthesis and metabolism, click here

Glossary:

isoprene = 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene

Other name(s):

ISPC; ISPS; dimethylallyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming)

Systematic name:

prenyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming)

Comments:

Requires Mg²⁺ or Mn²⁺ for activity. This enzyme is located in the chloroplast of isoprene-emitting plants, such as poplar and aspen, and may be activitated by light-dependent changes in chloroplast pH and Mg²⁺ concentration [2,8].

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 139172-14-8

References:

1.	Silver, G.M. and Fall, R. Enzymatic synthesis of isoprene from dimethylallyl diphosphate in aspen leaf extracts. Plant Physiol. 97 (1991) 1588–1591. [PMID: 16668590]
2.	Silver, G.M. and Fall, R. Characterization of aspen isoprene synthase, an enzyme responsible for leaf isoprene emission to the atmosphere. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 13010–13016. [DOI] [PMID: 7768893]
3.	Wildermuth, M.C. and Fall, R. Light-dependent isoprene emission (characterization of a thylakoid-bound isoprene synthase in Salix discolor chloroplasts). Plant Physiol. 112 (1996) 171–182. [PMID: 12226383]
4.	Schnitzler, J.P., Arenz, R., Steinbrecher, R. and Lehming, A. Characterization of an isoprene synthase from leaves of Quercus petraea. Bot. Acta 109 (1996) 216–221.
5.	Miller, B., Oschinski, C. and Zimmer, W. First isolation of an isoprene synthase gene from poplar and successful expression of the gene in Escherichia coli. Planta 213 (2001) 483–487. [PMID: 11506373]
6.	Sivy, T.L., Shirk, M.C. and Fall, R. Isoprene synthase activity parallels fluctuations of isoprene release during growth of Bacillus subtilis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (2002) 71–75. [DOI] [PMID: 12054742]
7.	Sasaki, K., Ohara, K. and Yazaki, K. Gene expression and characterization of isoprene synthase from Populus alba. FEBS Lett. 579 (2005) 2514–2518. [DOI] [PMID: 15848197]
8.	Schnitzler, J.-P., Zimmer, I., Bachl, A., Arend, M., Fromm, J. and Fischbach, R.J. Biochemical properties of isoprene synthase in poplar (Populus x canescens). Planta 222 (2005) 777–786. [DOI] [PMID: 16052321]

[EC 4.2.3.27 created 2007]