ExplorEnz: EC 6.3.2.39

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6.3.2.39

Accepted name:

aerobactin synthase

Reaction:

ATP + N²-citryl-N⁶-acetyl-N⁶-hydroxy-L-lysine + N⁶-acetyl-N⁶-hydroxy-L-lysine = AMP + diphosphate + aerobactin

For diagram of aerobactin biosynthesis, click here

Other name(s):

iucC (gene name)

Systematic name:

N²-citryl-N⁶-acetyl-N⁶-hydroxy-L-lysine:N⁶-acetyl-N⁶-hydroxy-L-lysine ligase (AMP-forming)

Comments:

Requires Mg²⁺. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of aerobactin, a dihydroxamate siderophore. It belongs to a class of siderophore synthases known as type C nonribosomal peptide synthase-independent synthases (NIS). Type C enzymes are responsible for the formation of amide or ester bonds between a variety of substrates and a prochiral carboxyl group of a citrate molecule that is already linked to a different moiety at its other prochiral carboxyl group. The enzyme is believed to form an adenylate intermediate prior to ligation.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, Gene, KEGG, MetaCyc

References:

1.	Gibson, F. and Magrath, D.I. The isolation and characterization of a hydroxamic acid (aerobactin) formed by Aerobacter aerogenes 62-I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 192 (1969) 175–184. [DOI] [PMID: 4313071]
2.	Maurer, P.J. and Miller, M. Microbial iron chelators: total synthesis of aerobactin and its constituent amino acid, N⁶-acetyl-N⁶-hydroxylysine. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104 (1982) 3096–3101.
3.	Appanna, D.L., Grundy, B.J., Szczepan, E.W. and Viswanatha, T. Aerobactin synthesis in a cell-free system of Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 801 (1984) 437–443.
4.	de Lorenzo, V., Bindereif, A., Paw, B.H. and Neilands, J.B. Aerobactin biosynthesis and transport genes of plasmid ColV-K30 in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 165 (1986) 570–578. [DOI] [PMID: 2935523]
5.	de Lorenzo, V. and Neilands, J.B. Characterization of iucA and iucC genes of the aerobactin system of plasmid ColV-K30 in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 167 (1986) 350–355. [DOI] [PMID: 3087960]
6.	Challis, G.L. A widely distributed bacterial pathway for siderophore biosynthesis independent of nonribosomal peptide synthetases. ChemBioChem 6 (2005) 601–611. [DOI] [PMID: 15719346]
7.	Oves-Costales, D., Kadi, N. and Challis, G.L. The long-overlooked enzymology of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-independent pathway for virulence-conferring siderophore biosynthesis. Chem. Commun. (Camb.) (2009) 6530–6541. [PMID: 19865642]

[EC 6.3.2.39 created 2012, modified 2019]