The Enzyme Database

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EC 3.6.1.55     
Accepted name: 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase
Reaction: 8-oxo-dGTP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGMP + diphosphate
Glossary: 8-oxo-dGTP = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate
Other name(s): MutT; 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase; 8-oxo-dGTPase; 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-dGTP pyrophosphohydrolase
Systematic name: 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphohydrolase
Comments: This enzyme hydrolyses the phosphoanhydride bond between the α and β phosphate of 8-oxoguanine-containing nucleoside di- and triphosphates thereby preventing misincorporation of the oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates into DNA. It does not hydrolyse 2-hydroxy-dATP (cf. EC 3.6.1.56, 2-hydroxy-dATP diphosphatase) [4]. Requires Mg2+.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Ito, R., Hayakawa, H., Sekiguchi, M. and Ishibashi, T. Multiple enzyme activities of Escherichia coli MutT protein for sanitization of DNA and RNA precursor pools. Biochemistry 44 (2005) 6670–6674. [DOI] [PMID: 15850400]
2.  Yoshimura, K., Ogawa, T., Ueda, Y. and Shigeoka, S. AtNUDX1, an 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, is responsible for eliminating oxidized nucleotides in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol. 48 (2007) 1438–1449. [DOI] [PMID: 17804481]
3.  Nakamura, T., Meshitsuka, S., Kitagawa, S., Abe, N., Yamada, J., Ishino, T., Nakano, H., Tsuzuki, T., Doi, T., Kobayashi, Y., Fujii, S., Sekiguchi, M. and Yamagata, Y. Structural and dynamic features of the MutT protein in the recognition of nucleotides with the mutagenic 8-oxoguanine base. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 444–452. [DOI] [PMID: 19864691]
4.  Yonekura, S., Sanada, U. and Zhang-Akiyama, Q.M. CiMutT, an asidian MutT homologue, has a 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-dGTP pyrophosphohydrolase activity responsible for sanitization of oxidized nucleotides in Ciona intestinalis. Genes Genet. Syst. 85 (2010) 287–295. [PMID: 21178309]
[EC 3.6.1.55 created 2011]
 
 
EC 3.6.1.56     
Accepted name: 2-hydroxy-dATP diphosphatase
Reaction: 2-hydroxy-dATP + H2O = 2-hydroxy-dAMP + diphosphate
Other name(s): NUDT1; MTH1; MTH2; oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphatase; (2′-deoxy) ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase
Systematic name: 2-hydroxy-dATP diphosphohydrolase
Comments: The enzyme hydrolyses oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates such as 2-hydroxy-dATP, thereby preventing their misincorporation into DNA. It can also recognize 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxo-dATP, but with lower efficiency (cf. EC 3.6.1.55, 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase) [3].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Sakumi, K., Furuichi, M., Tsuzuki, T., Kakuma, T., Kawabata, S., Maki, H. and Sekiguchi, M. Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human enzyme that hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP, a mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 23524–23530. [PMID: 8226881]
2.  Kakuma, T., Nishida, J., Tsuzuki, T. and Sekiguchi, M. Mouse MTH1 protein with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphatase activity that prevents transversion mutation. cDNA cloning and tissue distribution. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 25942–25948. [DOI] [PMID: 7592783]
3.  Fujikawa, K., Kamiya, H., Yakushiji, H., Fujii, Y., Nakabeppu, Y. and Kasai, H. The oxidized forms of dATP are substrates for the human MutT homologue, the hMTH1 protein. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 18201–18205. [DOI] [PMID: 10373420]
4.  Sakai, Y., Furuichi, M., Takahashi, M., Mishima, M., Iwai, S., Shirakawa, M. and Nakabeppu, Y. A molecular basis for the selective recognition of 2-hydroxy-dATP and 8-oxo-dGTP by human MTH1. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 8579–8587. [DOI] [PMID: 11756418]
5.  Fujikawa, K., Kamiya, H., Yakushiji, H., Nakabeppu, Y. and Kasai, H. Human MTH1 protein hydrolyzes the oxidized ribonucleotide, 2-hydroxy-ATP. Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (2001) 449–454. [DOI] [PMID: 11139615]
[EC 3.6.1.56 created 2011]
 
 
EC 3.6.1.58     
Accepted name: 8-oxo-dGDP phosphatase
Reaction: (1) 8-oxo-dGDP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGMP + phosphate
(2) 8-oxo-GDP + H2O = 8-oxo-GMP + phosphate
Glossary: 8-oxo-dGDP = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-diphosphate
Other name(s): NUDT5; MTH3 (gene name); NUDT18
Systematic name: 8-oxo-dGDP phosphohydrolase
Comments: The enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of both 8-oxo-dGDP and 8-oxo-GDP thereby preventing translational errors caused by oxidative damage. The preferred in vivo substrate is not known. The enzyme does not degrade 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxo-GTP to the monophosphates (cf. EC 3.6.1.55, 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase) [1,2]. Ribonucleotide diphosphates and deoxyribonucleotide diphosphates are hydrolysed with broad specificity. The bifunctional enzyme NUDT5 also hydrolyses ADP-ribose to AMP and D-ribose 5-phosphate (cf. EC 3.6.1.13, ADP-ribose diphosphatase) [4]. The human enzyme NUDT18 also hydrolyses 8-oxo-dADP and 2-hydroxy-dADP, the latter at a slower rate [6].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Ishibashi, T., Hayakawa, H., Ito, R., Miyazawa, M., Yamagata, Y. and Sekiguchi, M. Mammalian enzymes for preventing transcriptional errors caused by oxidative damage. Nucleic Acids Res. 33 (2005) 3779–3784. [DOI] [PMID: 16002790]
2.  Ishibashi, T., Hayakawa, H. and Sekiguchi, M. A novel mechanism for preventing mutations caused by oxidation of guanine nucleotides. EMBO Rep. 4 (2003) 479–483. [DOI] [PMID: 12717453]
3.  Kamiya, H., Hori, M., Arimori, T., Sekiguchi, M., Yamagata, Y. and Harashima, H. NUDT5 hydrolyzes oxidized deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates with broad substrate specificity. DNA Repair (Amst) 8 (2009) 1250–1254. [DOI] [PMID: 19699693]
4.  Ito, R., Sekiguchi, M., Setoyama, D., Nakatsu, Y., Yamagata, Y. and Hayakawa, H. Cleavage of oxidized guanine nucleotide and ADP sugar by human NUDT5 protein. J. Biochem. 149 (2011) 731–738. [DOI] [PMID: 21389046]
5.  Zha, M., Zhong, C., Peng, Y., Hu, H. and Ding, J. Crystal structures of human NUDT5 reveal insights into the structural basis of the substrate specificity. J. Mol. Biol. 364 (2006) 1021–1033. [DOI] [PMID: 17052728]
6.  Takagi, Y., Setoyama, D., Ito, R., Kamiya, H., Yamagata, Y. and Sekiguchi, M. Human MTH3 (NUDT18) protein hydrolyzes oxidized forms of guanosine and deoxyguanosine diphosphates: comparison with MTH1 and MTH2. J. Biol. Chem. 287 (2012) 21541–21549. [DOI] [PMID: 22556419]
[EC 3.6.1.58 created 2012]
 
 
EC 3.6.1.69     
Accepted name: 8-oxo-(d)GTP phosphatase
Reaction: (1) 8-oxo-GTP + H2O = 8-oxo-GDP + phosphate
(2) 8-oxo-dGTP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGDP + phosphate
Glossary: 8-oxo-dGTP = 2′-deoxy-7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanosine 5′-triphosphate
Other name(s): mutT1 (gene name)
Systematic name: 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphohydrolase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, catalyses the hydrolysis of both 8-oxo-GTP and 8-oxo-dGTP, thereby preventing transcriptional and translational errors caused by oxidative damage. The enzyme is highly specific. Unlike EC 3.6.1.55, 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase, it removes only a single phosphate group. The nucleoside diphosphate products are hydrolysed further by EC 3.6.1.58, 8-oxo-dGDP phosphatase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Patil, A.G., Sang, P.B., Govindan, A. and Varshney, U. Mycobacterium tuberculosis MutT1 (Rv2985) and ADPRase (Rv1700) proteins constitute a two-stage mechanism of 8-oxo-dGTP and 8-oxo-GTP detoxification and adenosine to cytidine mutation avoidance. J. Biol. Chem. 288 (2013) 11252–11262. [PMID: 23463507]
[EC 3.6.1.69 created 2019]
 
 


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