The Enzyme Database

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EC 2.3.3.13     
Accepted name: 2-isopropylmalate synthase
Reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA
For diagram of leucine-biosynthesis pathway, click here
Other name(s): 3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate-lyase (CoA-acetylating); α-isopropylmalate synthetase; α-isopropylmalate synthase; α-isopropylmalic synthetase; isopropylmalate synthase; isopropylmalate synthetase
Systematic name: acetyl-CoA:3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)
Comments: Requires K+.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9030-98-2
References:
1.  Kohlhaw, G., Leary, T.R. and Umbarger, H.E. α-Isopropylmalate synthase from Salmonella typhimurium. Purification and properties. J. Biol. Chem. 244 (1969) 2218–2225. [PMID: 4976555]
2.  Webster, R.E. and Gross, S.R. The α-isopropylmalate synthetase of Neurospora. I. The kinetics and end product control of α-isopropylmalate synthetase function. Biochemistry 4 (1965) 2309–2327.
3.  Cole, F.E., Kalyanpur, M. G. and Stevens, C. M. Absolute configuration of α-isopropylmalate and the mechanism of its conversion to β-isopropylmalate in the biosynthesis of leucine. Biochemistry 12 (1973) 3346–3350. [PMID: 4270046]
[EC 2.3.3.13 created 1972 as EC 4.1.3.12, transferred 2002 to EC 2.3.3.13]
 
 
EC 4.2.1.33     
Accepted name: 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase
Reaction: (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate (overall reaction)
(1a) (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate = 2-isopropylmaleate + H2O
(1b) 2-isopropylmaleate + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate
For diagram of leucine biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: α-isopropylmalate = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate
β-isopropylmalate = (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate
Other name(s): (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate hydro-lyase; β-isopropylmalate dehydratase; isopropylmalate isomerase; α-isopropylmalate isomerase; 3-isopropylmalate hydro-lyase
Systematic name: (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate hydro-lyase (2-isopropylmaleate-forming)
Comments: Forms part of the leucine biosynthesis pathway. The enzyme brings about the interconversion of the two isomers of isopropylmalate. It contains an iron-sulfur cluster.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37290-72-5
References:
1.  Gross, S.R., Burns, R.O. and Umbarger, H.E. The biosynthesis of leucine. II. The enzymic isomerization of β-carboxy-β-hydroxyisocaproate and α-hydroxy-β-carboxyisocaproate. Biochemistry 2 (1963) 1046–1052. [PMID: 14087357]
2.  Calvo, J. M., Stevens, C. M., Kalyanpur, M. G., and Umbarger, H. E. The absolute configuration of α-hydroxy-β-carboxyisocaproic acid (3-isopropylmalic acid), an intermediate in leucine biosynthesis. Biochemistry 3 (1964) 2024–2027. [PMID: 14269331]
3.  Cole, F.E., Kalyanpur, M. G. and Stevens, C. M. Absolute configuration of α-isopropylmalate and the mechanism of its conversion to β-isopropylmalate in the biosynthesis of leucine. Biochemistry 12 (1973) 3346–3350. [PMID: 4270046]
4.  Jang, S. and Imlay, J.A. Micromolar intracellular hydrogen peroxide disrupts metabolism by damaging iron-sulfur enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 929–937. [DOI] [PMID: 17102132]
[EC 4.2.1.33 created 1972, modified 1976, modified 2012]
 
 


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