The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.14.13.38     
Accepted name: anhydrotetracycline 6-monooxygenase
Reaction: anhydrotetracycline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 12-dehydrotetracycline + NADP+ + H2O
For diagram of tetracycline biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: anhydrotetracycline = (4S,4aS,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-1,12-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,12,12a-hexahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
12-dehydrotetracycline = (4S,4aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11,12-trioxo-1,4,4a,5,6,11,12,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
Other name(s): ATC oxygenase; anhydrotetracycline oxygenase; oxyS (gene name); anhydrotetracycline monooxygenase
Systematic name: anhydrotetracycline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces rimosus, participates in the biosynthesis of tetracycline antibiotics. It can also catalyse EC 1.14.13.234, 12-dehydrotetracycline 5-monooxygenase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 70766-62-0
References:
1.  Behal, V., Hostalek, Z. and Vanek, Z. Anhydrotetracycline oxygenase activity and biosynthesis of tetracyclines in streptomyces aureofaciens. Biotechnol. Lett. 1 (1979) 177–182.
2.  Binnie, C., Warren, M. and Butler, M.J. Cloning and heterologous expression in Streptomyces lividans of Streptomyces rimosus genes involved in oxytetracycline biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 171 (1989) 887–895. [DOI] [PMID: 2914874]
3.  Vancurova, I., Volc, J., Flieger, M., Neuzil, J., Novotna, J., Vlach, J. and Behal, V. Isolation of pure anhydrotetracycline oxygenase from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Biochem. J. 253 (1988) 263–267. [PMID: 3138982]
4.  Wang, P., Bashiri, G., Gao, X., Sawaya, M.R. and Tang, Y. Uncovering the enzymes that catalyze the final steps in oxytetracycline biosynthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013) 7138–7141. [DOI] [PMID: 23621493]
[EC 1.14.13.38 created 1990, modified 2016]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.232     
Accepted name: 6-methylpretetramide 4-monooxygenase
Reaction: 6-methylpretetramide + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxy-6-methylpretetramide + NADP+ + H2O
For diagram of tetracycline biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 6-methylpretetramide = 1,3,10,11,12-pentahydroxy-6-methyltetracene-2-carboxamide
4-hydroxy-6-methylpretetramide = 1,3,4,10,11,12-hexahydroxy-6-methyltetracene-2-carboxamide
Systematic name: 6-methylpretetramide,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces rimosus, participates in the biosynthesis of tetracycline antibiotics. That bacterium possesses two enzymes that can catalyse the reaction - OxyE is the main isozyme, while OxyL has a lower activity. OxyL is bifunctional, and its main function is EC 1.14.13.233, 4-hydroxy-6-methylpretetramide 12a-monooxygenase. Contains FAD.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Zhang, W., Watanabe, K., Cai, X., Jung, M.E., Tang, Y. and Zhan, J. Identifying the minimal enzymes required for anhydrotetracycline biosynthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 6068–6069. [DOI] [PMID: 18422316]
2.  Wang, P., Zhang, W., Zhan, J. and Tang, Y. Identification of OxyE as an ancillary oxygenase during tetracycline biosynthesis. ChemBioChem 10 (2009) 1544–1550. [DOI] [PMID: 19472250]
[EC 1.14.13.232 created 2016]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.233     
Accepted name: 4-hydroxy-6-methylpretetramide 12a-monooxygenase
Reaction: 4-hydroxy-6-methylpretetramide + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-de(dimethylamino)-4-oxoanhydrotetracycline + NADP+ + H2O
For diagram of tetracycline biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 4-hydroxy-6-methylpretetramide = 1,3,4,10,11,12-hexahydroxy-6-methyltetracene-2-carboxamide
4-de(dimethylamino)-4-oxoanhydrotetracycline = (4aR,12aS)-3,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-1,4,12-trioxo-4a,5-dihydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
Other name(s): oxyL (gene name)
Systematic name: 4-hydroxy-6-methylpretetramide,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12a-hydroxylating)
Comments: Contains FAD. The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces rimosus, participates in the biosynthesis of tetracycline antibiotics. The enzyme is bifunctional, and can also catalyse EC 1.14.13.232, 6-methylpretetramide 4-monooxygenase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Zhang, W., Watanabe, K., Cai, X., Jung, M.E., Tang, Y. and Zhan, J. Identifying the minimal enzymes required for anhydrotetracycline biosynthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 6068–6069. [DOI] [PMID: 18422316]
[EC 1.14.13.233 created 2016]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.234     
Accepted name: 5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline 5-monooxygenase
Reaction: 5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 5a,11a-dehydrooxytetracycline + NADP+ + H2O
For diagram of tetracycline biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline = 12-dehydrotetracycline = (4S,4aS,6S,12aS)-4-dimethylamino-3,6,10,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11,12-trioxo-1,4,4a,5,6,11,12,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
Other name(s): oxyS (gene name); 12-dehydrotetracycline 5-monooxygenase
Systematic name: 5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces rimosus, is bifunctional, catalysing two successive monooxygenation reactions. It starts by catalysing the stereospecific hydroxylation of anhydrotetracycline at C-6 (EC 1.14.13.38). If the released product is captured by EC 1.3.98.4, 5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline dehydrogenase (OxyR), it is reduced to tetracycline. However, if the released product is recaptured by OxyS, it performs an additional hydroxylation at C-5, producing 5a,11a-dehydrooxytetracycline, which, following the action of OxyR, becomes oxytetracycline.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Binnie, C., Warren, M. and Butler, M.J. Cloning and heterologous expression in Streptomyces lividans of Streptomyces rimosus genes involved in oxytetracycline biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 171 (1989) 887–895. [DOI] [PMID: 2914874]
2.  Miller, P.A., Saturnelli, A., Martin, J.H., Itscher, L.A. and Bohonos, N. A new family of tetracycline precursors. N-demethylanhydrotetracyclines. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 16 (1964) 285–291. [DOI] [PMID: 4959040]
3.  Vancurova, I., Volc, J., Flieger, M., Neuzil, J., Novotna, J., Vlach, J. and Behal, V. Isolation of pure anhydrotetracycline oxygenase from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Biochem. J. 253 (1988) 263–267. [PMID: 3138982]
4.  Wang, P., Bashiri, G., Gao, X., Sawaya, M.R. and Tang, Y. Uncovering the enzymes that catalyze the final steps in oxytetracycline biosynthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013) 7138–7141. [DOI] [PMID: 23621493]
[EC 1.14.13.234 created 2016]
 
 
EC 2.1.1.335     
Accepted name: 4-amino-anhydrotetracycline N4-methyltransferase
Reaction: (1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4-amino-4-de(dimethylamino)anhydrotetracycline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4-methylamino-4-de(dimethylamino)anhydrotetracycline
(2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4-methylamino-4-de(dimethylamino)anhydrotetracycline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anhydrotetracycline
Glossary: 4-amino-4-de(dimethylamino)anhydrotetracycline = (4S,4aS,12aS)-4-amino-3,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-1,12-dioxo-4a,5-dihydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide
4-methylamino-4-de(dimethylamino)anhydrotetracycline = (4S,4aS,12aS)-3,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-4-(methylamino)-1,12-dioxo-4a,5-dihydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide
anhydrotetracycline = (4S,4aS,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-1,12-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,12,12a-hexahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
Other name(s): oxyT (gene name); ctcO (gene name)
Systematic name: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(4S,4aS,12aS)-4-amino-3,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-1,12-dioxo-4a,5-dihydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide Nα-methyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces rimosus, participates in the biosynthesis of tetracycline antibiotics.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Zhang, W., Watanabe, K., Cai, X., Jung, M.E., Tang, Y. and Zhan, J. Identifying the minimal enzymes required for anhydrotetracycline biosynthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 6068–6069. [DOI] [PMID: 18422316]
[EC 2.1.1.335 created 2016]
 
 


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