EC |
1.3.1.51 |
Accepted name: |
2′-hydroxydaidzein reductase |
Reaction: |
2′-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2′-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+ |
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For diagram of glyceollin biosynthesis (part 1), click here |
Other name(s): |
NADPH:2′-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase; HDR; 2′-hydroxydihydrodaidzein:NADP+ 2′-oxidoreductase |
Systematic name: |
2′-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein:NADP+ 2′-oxidoreductase |
Comments: |
In the reverse reaction, the 2′-hydroxyisoflavone (2′-hydroxydaidzein) is reduced to an isoflavanone. Also acts on 2′-hydroxyformononetin and to a small extent on 2′-hydroxygenistein. Involved in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin glyceollin. The isoflavones biochanin A, daidzein and genestein as well as the flavonoids apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin do not act as substrates. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 126125-01-7 |
References: |
1. |
Fischer, D., Ebenau-Jehle, C. and Grisebach, H. Phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: purification and characterization of NADPH:2′-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase from elicitor-challenged soybean cell cultures. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 276 (1990) 390–395. [DOI] [PMID: 2306102] |
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[EC 1.3.1.51 created 1992, modified 2004] |
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EC
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1.14.13.86
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Deleted entry: | 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase. This enzyme was classified on the basis of an incorrect reaction. The activity is covered by EC 1.14.14.87, 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase |
[EC 1.14.13.86 created 2004, deleted 2013] |
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EC |
1.14.14.82 |
Accepted name: |
flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase |
Reaction: |
a flavonoid + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = a 3′-hydroxyflavonoid + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O |
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For diagram of flavonoid biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of the biosynthesis of naringenin derivatives, click here |
Other name(s): |
CYP75B1 (gene name); flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (incorrect); NADPH:flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase (incorrect); flavonoid 3-monooxygenase (incorrect) |
Systematic name: |
flavonoid,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (3′-hydroxylating) |
Comments: |
A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein found in plants. Acts on a number of flavonoids, including the flavanone naringenin and the flavone apigenin. Does not act on 4-coumarate or 4-coumaroyl-CoA. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 75991-44-5 |
References: |
1. |
Forkmann, G., Heller, W. and Grisebach, H. Anthocyanin biosynthesis in flowers of Matthiola incana flavanone 3- and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylases. Z. Naturforsch. C: Biosci. 35 (1980) 691–695. |
2. |
Brugliera, F., Barri-Rewell, G., Holton, T.A. and Mason, J.G. Isolation and characterization of a flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase cDNA clone corresponding to the Ht1 locus of Petunia hybrida. Plant J. 19 (1999) 441–451. [PMID: 10504566] |
3. |
Schoenbohm, C., Martens, S., Eder, C., Forkmann, G. and Weisshaar, B. Identification of the Arabidopsis thaliana flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase gene and functional expression of the encoded P450 enzyme. Biol. Chem. 381 (2000) 749–753. [PMID: 11030432] |
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[EC 1.14.14.82 created 1983 as EC 1.14.13.21, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.14.82] |
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EC |
2.1.1.46 |
Accepted name: |
isoflavone 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Reaction: |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 4′-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 4′-methoxyisoflavone |
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For diagram of the biosynthesis of biochanin A, click here and for diagram of the biosynthesis of formononetin and derivatives, click here |
Other name(s): |
4′-hydroxyisoflavone methyltransferase; isoflavone methyltransferase; isoflavone O-methyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:4′-hydroxyisoflavone 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Comments: |
Requires Mg2+ for activity. The enzyme catalyses the methylation of daidzein and genistein. It does not methylate naringenin, apigenin, luteolin or kaempferol. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 55071-80-2 |
References: |
1. |
Wengenmayer, H., Ebel, J. and Grisebach, H. Purification and properties of a S-adenosylmethionine: isoflavone 4′-O-methyltransferase from cell suspension cultures of Cicer arietinum L. Eur. J. Biochem. 50 (1974) 135–143. [DOI] [PMID: 4452353] |
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[EC 2.1.1.46 created 1976, modified 2011] |
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EC |
2.1.1.75 |
Accepted name: |
apigenin 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Reaction: |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + apigenin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acacetin |
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For diagram of apigenin derivatives biosynthesis, click here |
Glossary: |
apigenin = 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone
acacetin = 4′-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone
naringenin = 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavan-4-one |
Other name(s): |
flavonoid O-methyltransferase; flavonoid methyltransferase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:apigenin 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Comments: |
Converts apigenin into acacetin. Naringenin can also act as an acceptor, but more slowly. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 118251-36-8 |
References: |
1. |
Kuroki, G. and Poulton, J.E. The para-O-methylation of apigenin to acacetin by cell-free extracts of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Z. Naturforsch. C: Biosci. 36 (1981) 916–920. |
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[EC 2.1.1.75 created 1984] |
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EC |
2.1.1.155 |
Accepted name: |
kaempferol 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Reaction: |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + kaempferol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + kaempferide |
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For diagram of kaempferol biosynthesis, click here |
Glossary: |
kaempferide = 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone |
Other name(s): |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:flavonoid 4′-O-methyltransferase; F 4′-OMT |
Systematic name: |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:kaempferol 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Comments: |
The enzyme acts on the hydroxy group in the 4′-position of some flavones, flavanones and isoflavones. Kaempferol, apigenin and kaempferol triglucoside are substrates, as is genistein, which reacts more slowly. Compounds with an hydroxy group in the 3′ and 4′ positions, such as quercetin and eriodictyol, do not act as substrates. Similar to EC 2.1.1.75, apigenin 4′-O-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.83, 3,7-dimethylquercetin 4′-O-methyltransferase. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 80747-20-2 |
References: |
1. |
Curir, P., Lanzotti, V., Dolci, M., Dolci, P., Pasini, C. and Tollin, G. Purification and properties of a new S-adenosyl-L-methionine:flavonoid 4′-O-methyltransferase from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (2003) 3422–3431. [DOI] [PMID: 12899699] |
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[EC 2.1.1.155 created 2004] |
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EC |
2.1.1.231 |
Accepted name: |
flavonoid 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Reaction: |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 4′-hydroxyflavanone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 4′-methoxyflavanone |
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For diagram of naringenin methyl ethers biosynthesis, click here |
Glossary: |
naringenin = 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavan-4-one |
Other name(s): |
SOMT-2; 4′-hydroxyisoflavone methyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:flavonoid 4′-O-methyltransferase |
Comments: |
The enzyme catalyses the 4′-methylation of naringenin. In vitro it catalyses the 4′-methylation of apigenin, quercetin, daidzein and genistein. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc |
References: |
1. |
Kim, D.H., Kim, B.G., Lee, Y., Ryu, J.Y., Lim, Y., Hur, H.G. and Ahn, J.H. Regiospecific methylation of naringenin to ponciretin by soybean O-methyltransferase expressed in Escherichia coli. J. Biotechnol. 119 (2005) 155–162. [DOI] [PMID: 15961179] |
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[EC 2.1.1.231 created 2011] |
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EC |
2.3.1.115 |
Accepted name: |
isoflavone-7-O-β-glucoside 6′′-O-malonyltransferase |
Reaction: |
malonyl-CoA + biochanin A 7-O-β-D-glucoside = CoA + biochanin A 7-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) |
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For diagram of the biosynthesis of biochanin A, click here and of apigenin derivatives, click here |
Other name(s): |
flavone/flavonol 7-O-β-D-glucoside malonyltransferase; flavone (flavonol) 7-O-glycoside malonyltransferase; malonyl-CoA:flavone/flavonol 7-O-glucoside malonyltransferase; MAT-7; malonyl-coenzyme A:isoflavone 7-O-glucoside-6′′-malonyltransferase; malonyl-coenzyme A:flavone/flavonol-7-O-glycoside malonyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
malonyl-CoA:isoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucoside 6′′-O-malonyltransferase |
Comments: |
The 6-position of the glucose residue of formononetin can also act as acceptor; some other 7-O-glucosides of isoflavones, flavones and flavonols can also act, but more slowly. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 93585-97-8, 78413-09-9 |
References: |
1. |
Koester, J., Bussmann, R. and Barz, W. Malonyl-coenzyme A:isoflavone 7-O-glucoside-6′′-O-malonyltransferase from roots of chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 234 (1984) 513–521. [DOI] [PMID: 6497385] |
2. |
Matern, U., Feser, C. and Hammer, D. Further characterization and regulation of malonyl-coenzyme A: flavonoid glucoside malonyltransferases from parsley cell suspension cultures. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 226 (1983) 206–217. [DOI] [PMID: 6639051] |
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[EC 2.3.1.115 created 1989] |
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EC |
2.4.1.81 |
Accepted name: |
flavone 7-O-β-glucosyltransferase |
Reaction: |
UDP-glucose + 5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-β-D-glucosyl-5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone |
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For diagram of the biosynthesis of apigenin derivatives, click here and of luteolin derivatives, click here |
Other name(s): |
UDP-glucose-apigenin β-glucosyltransferase; UDP-glucose-luteolin β-D-glucosyltransferase; uridine diphosphoglucose-luteolin glucosyltransferase; uridine diphosphoglucose-apigenin 7-O-glucosyltransferase; UDP-glucosyltransferase (ambiguous) |
Systematic name: |
UDP-glucose:5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone 7-O-β-D-glucosyltransferase |
Comments: |
A number of flavones, flavanones and flavonols can function as acceptors. Different from EC 2.4.1.91 (flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase). |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37332-50-6 |
References: |
1. |
Sutter, A., Ortmann, R. and Grisebach, H. Purification and properties of an enzyme from cell suspension cultures of parsley catalyzing the transfer of D-glucose from UDP-D-glucose to flavonoids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 258 (1972) 71–87. [DOI] [PMID: 5058406] |
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[EC 2.4.1.81 created 1976] |
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EC |
2.4.1.236 |
Accepted name: |
flavanone 7-O-glucoside 2′′-O-β-L-rhamnosyltransferase |
Reaction: |
UDP-β-L-rhamnose + a flavanone 7-O-β-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavanone 7-O-[α-L-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside] |
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For diagram of apigenin derivatives biosynthesis, click here, for diagram of luteolin derivatives biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of naringenin derivatives biosynthesis, click here |
Glossary: |
UDP-β-L-rhamnose = UDP-6-deoxy-β-L-mannose |
Other name(s): |
UDP-rhamnose:flavanone-7-O-glucoside-2′′-O-rhamnosyltransferase; 1→2 UDP-rhamnosyltransferase; UDP-L-rhamnose:flavanone-7-O-glucoside 2′′-O-β-L-rhamnosyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
UDP-β-L-rhamnose:flavanone-7-O-glucoside 2′′-O-α-L-rhamnosyltransferase |
Comments: |
Acts on the 7-O-glucoside of naringenin and hesperetin, also the flavone 7-O-glucosides of luteolin and apigenin. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 125752-89-8 |
References: |
1. |
Bar-Peled, M., Lewinsohn, E., Fluhr, R. and Gressel, J. UDP-rhamnose:flavanone-7-O-glucoside-2′′-O-rhamnosyltransferase. Purification and characterization of an enzyme catalyzing the production of bitter compounds in citrus. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 20953–20959. [PMID: 1939145] |
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[EC 2.4.1.236 created 2004] |
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EC |
2.4.2.25 |
Accepted name: |
flavone apiosyltransferase |
Reaction: |
UDP-α-D-apiose + apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside = UDP + apigenin 7-O-[β-D-apiosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside] |
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For diagram of apigenin derivatives biosynthesis, click here |
Glossary: |
apigenin = 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone
β-D-apiose = (2R,3R,4R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4-triol |
Other name(s): |
uridine diphosphoapiose-flavone apiosyltransferase; UDP-apiose:7-O-(β-D-glucosyl)-flavone apiosyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
UDP-apiose:5,4′-dihydroxyflavone 7-O-β-D-glucoside 2′′-O-β-D-apiofuranosyltransferase |
Comments: |
7-O-β-D-Glucosides of a number of flavonoids and of 4-substituted phenols can act as acceptors. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37332-49-3 |
References: |
1. |
Ortmann, R., Sutter, A. and Grisebach, H. Purification and properties of UDPapiose: 7-O-(β-D-glucosyl)-flavone apiosyltransferase from cell suspension cultures of parsley. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 289 (1972) 293–302. [DOI] [PMID: 4650134] |
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[EC 2.4.2.25 created 1976] |
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