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Your query returned 11 entries. 
Printable version
| EC | 1.2.1.46 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | formaldehyde dehydrogenase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H+ | ||||||||
| Other name(s): | NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase; NAD-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | formaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9028-84-6 | ||||||||
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| EC | 1.14.13.128 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | 7-methylxanthine demethylase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | 7-methylxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = xanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde | ||||||||
| Other name(s): | ndmC (gene name) | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | 7-methylxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating) | ||||||||
| Comments: | A non-heme iron oxygenase. The enzyme from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida prefers NADH over NADPH. The enzyme is specific for 7-methylxanthine [2]. Forms part of the caffeine degradation pathway. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
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| EC | 1.14.13.178 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | methylxanthine N1-demethylase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | (1) caffeine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = theobromine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde (2) theophylline + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 3-methylxanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde (3) paraxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 7-methylxanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde |
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| Glossary: | caffeine = 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine theobromine = 3,7-dimethylxanthine theophylline = 1,3-dimethylxanthine paraxanthine = 1,7-dimethylxanthine |
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| Other name(s): | ndmA (gene name) | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | caffeine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-demethylating) | ||||||||
| Comments: | A non-heme iron oxygenase. The enzyme from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida shares an NAD(P)H-FMN reductase subunit with EC 1.14.13.179, methylxanthine N3-demethylase, and has a 5-fold higher activity with NADH than with NADPH [2]. Also demethylate 1-methylxantine with lower efficiency. Forms part of the degradation pathway of methylxanthines. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||
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| EC | 1.14.13.179 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | methylxanthine N3-demethylase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | (1) theobromine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 7-methylxanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde (2) 3-methylxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = xanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde |
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| Glossary: | theobromine = 3,7-dimethylxanthine |
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| Other name(s): | ndmB (gene name) | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | theobromine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N3-demethylating) | ||||||||
| Comments: | A non-heme iron oxygenase. The enzyme from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida shares an NAD(P)H-FMN reductase subunit with EC 1.14.13.178, methylxanthine N1-demethylase, and has higher activity with NADH than with NADPH [1]. Also demethylates caffeine and theophylline with lower efficiency. Forms part of the degradation pathway of methylxanthines. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||
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| EC | 1.14.13.212 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid 5-monooxygenase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | 1,3,7-trimethylurate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,3,7-trimethyl-5-hydroxyisourate + NAD+ + H2O | ||||||||
| Glossary: | isourate = 1,3,5,7-tetrahydropurine-2,6,8-trione | ||||||||
| Other name(s): | tmuM (gene name) | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | 1,3,7-trimethylurate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,3,7-trimethyl-5-hydroxyisourate-forming) | ||||||||
| Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. CBB1, is part of the bacterial C-8 oxidation-based caffeine degradation pathway. The product decomposes spontaneously to a racemic mixture of 3,6,8-trimethylallantoin. The enzyme shows no acitivity with urate. cf. EC 1.14.13.113, FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
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| EC | 1.17.5.2 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | caffeine dehydrogenase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | caffeine + ubiquinone + H2O = 1,3,7-trimethylurate + ubiquinol | ||||||||
| Glossary: | caffeine = 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | caffeine:ubiquinone oxidoreductase | ||||||||
| Comments: | This enzyme, characterized from the soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp. CBB1, catalyses the incorporation of an oxygen atom originating from a water molecule into position C-8 of caffeine. It can also use theobromine as substrate. The enzyme utilizes short-tail ubiquinones as the preferred electron acceptor. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
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| EC | 2.1.1.158 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | 7-methylxanthosine synthase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylxanthosine | ||||||||
| For diagram of caffeine biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
| Other name(s): | xanthosine methyltransferase; XMT; xanthosine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine methyltransferase; CtCS1; CmXRS1; CaXMT1; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:xanthosine 7-N-methyltransferase | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:xanthosine N7-methyltransferase | ||||||||
| Comments: | The enzyme is specific for xanthosine, as XMP and xanthine cannot act as substrates [2,4]. The enzyme does not have N1- or N3- methylation activity [2]. This is the first methylation step in the production of caffeine. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||
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| EC | 2.1.1.159 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | theobromine synthase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7-methylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3,7-dimethylxanthine | ||||||||
| For diagram of caffeine biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
| Glossary: | theobromine = 3,7-dimethylxanthine paraxanthine = 1,7-dimethylxanthine |
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| Other name(s): | monomethylxanthine methyltransferase; MXMT; CTS1; CTS2; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:7-methylxanthine 3-N-methyltransferase | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:7-methylxanthine N3-methyltransferase | ||||||||
| Comments: | This is the third enzyme in the caffeine-biosynthesis pathway. This enzyme can also catalyse the conversion of paraxanthine into caffeine, although the paraxanthine pathway is considered to be a minor pathway for caffeine biosynthesis [2,3]. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
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| EC | 2.1.1.160 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | caffeine synthase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | (1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,7-dimethylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,7-dimethylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (3) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7-methylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3,7-dimethylxanthine |
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| For diagram of caffeine biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
| Glossary: | theobromine = 3,7-dimethylxanthine paraxanthine = 1,7-dimethylxanthine caffeine = 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine |
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| Other name(s): | dimethylxanthine methyltransferase; 3N-methyltransferase; DXMT; CCS1; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,7-dimethylxanthine 1-N-methyltransferase | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,7-dimethylxanthine N1-methyltransferase | ||||||||
| Comments: | Paraxanthine is the best substrate for this enzyme but the paraxanthine pathway is considered to be a minor pathway for caffeine biosynthesis [2,3]. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||
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| EC | 3.1.3.5 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | 5′-nucleotidase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | a 5′-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate | ||||||||
| For diagram of caffeine biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
| Other name(s): | uridine 5′-nucleotidase; 5′-adenylic phosphatase; adenosine 5′-phosphatase; AMP phosphatase; adenosine monophosphatase; 5′-mononucleotidase; AMPase; UMPase; snake venom 5′-nucleotidase; thimidine monophosphate nucleotidase; 5′-AMPase; 5′-AMP nucleotidase; AMP phosphohydrolase; IMP 5′-nucleotidase | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | 5′-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase | ||||||||
| Comments: | Wide specificity for 5′-nucleotides. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9027-73-0 | ||||||||
| References: |
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| EC | 3.2.2.25 | ||||||||
| Accepted name: | N-methyl nucleosidase | ||||||||
| Reaction: | 7-methylxanthosine + H2O = 7-methylxanthine + D-ribose | ||||||||
| For diagram of caffeine biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
| Other name(s): | 7-methylxanthosine nucleosidase; N-MeNase; N-methyl nucleoside hydrolase; methylpurine nucleosidase | ||||||||
| Systematic name: | 7-methylxanthosine ribohydrolase | ||||||||
| Comments: | The enzyme preferentially hydrolyses 3- and 7-methylpurine nucleosides, such as 3-methylxanthosine, 3-methyladenosine and 7-methylguanosine. Hydrolysis of 7-methylxanthosine to form 7-methylxanthine is the second step in the caffeine-biosynthesis pathway. | ||||||||
| Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
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