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Your query returned 17 entries. Printable version
EC | 1.14.13.32 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | albendazole monooxygenase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | albendazole + NADPH + H+ + O2 = albendazole S-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | ||||||||||||||||||||
For diagram of albendazole metabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | albendazole = methyl [5-(propylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | albendazole oxidase (misleading); albendazole sulfoxidase (ambiguous); FMO3 (gene name); albendazole monooxygenase (flavin-containing) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | albendazole,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (sulfoxide-forming) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | A microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase. A similar conversion is also carried out by some microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes [EC 1.14.14.73, albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming)]. It is estimated that cytochrome P-450s are responsible for 70% of the activity. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 101299-59-6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 1.14.14.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) albendazole + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = albendazole S-oxide + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O (2) fenbendazole + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = fenbendazole S-oxide + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O |
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For diagram of albendazole metabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | albendazole = methyl [5-(propylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate fenbendazole = methyl [5-(phenylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate |
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Other name(s): | albendazole sulfoxidase (ambiguous); albendazole hydroxylase (ambiguous); CYP3A4 (gene name); CYP2J2 (gene name); CYP1A2 (gene name) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | albendazole,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (sulfoxide-forming) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This is one of the activities carried out by some microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. A similar conversion is also carried out by a different microsomal enzyme (EC 1.14.13.32, albendazole monooxygenase (flavin-containing)), but it is estimated that cytochrome P-450s are responsible for 70% of the activity. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9059-22-7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 1.14.14.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | albendazole monooxygenase (hydroxylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | albendazole + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = hydroxyalbendazole + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | ||||||||||||||||||||
For diagram of albendazole metabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | albendazole = methyl [5-(propylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate hydroxyalbendazole = methyl [5-(3-hydroxypropylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate |
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Other name(s): | CYP2J2 (gene name) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | albendazole,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | CYP2J2 is a microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase that catalyses the hydroxylation of the terminal carbon of the propylsulfanyl chain in albendazole, a broad-spectrum anthelmintic used against gastrointestinal nematodes and the larval stages of cestodes. cf. EC 1.14.14.73, albendazole monooxygenase (sulfoxide-forming). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 1.14.14.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | fenbendazole monooxygenase (4′-hydroxylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | fenbendazole + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 4′-hydroxyfenbendazole + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | ||||||||||||||||||||
For diagram of albendazole metabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | fenbendazole = methyl [5-(phenylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate 4′-hydroxyfenbendazole = methyl [5-(4-hydroxyphenylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate albendazole = methyl [5-(propylsulfanyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate |
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Other name(s): | CYP2C19 (gene name) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | fenbendazole,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (4′-hydroxylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | CYP2C19 is microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase that catalyses the hydroxylation of the benzene ring of fenbendazole, a broad-spectrum anthelmintic used against gastrointestinal nematodes and the larval stages of cestodes. This activity is also carried out by CYP2J2. cf. EC 1.14.14.74, albendazole monooxygenase (hydroxylating). CYP2C19 does not act on albendazole. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 2.1.1.316 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | mitomycin 6-O-methyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-demethylmitomycin A = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + mitomycin A (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-demethylmitomycin B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + mitomycin B |
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Glossary: | mitomycin A = [(1aS,8S,8aR,8bS)-5-methyl-6,8a-dimethoxy-4,7-dioxo-1,1a,2,4,7,8,8a,8b-octahydroazirino[2′,3′:3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-8-yl]methyl carbamate mitomycin B = [(1aS,8S,8aR,8bS)-8a-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-methoxy-4,7-dioxo-1,1a,2,4,7,8,8a,8b-octahydroazirino[2′,3′:3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-8-yl]methyl carbamate |
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Other name(s): | MmcR; mitomycin 7-O-methyltransferase (incorrect); S-adenosyl-L-methionine:7-demethylmitomycin-A 7-O-methyltransferase (incorrect) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-demethylmitomycin-A 6-O-methyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces lavendulae, is involved in the biosynthesis of the quinone-containing antibiotics mitomycin A and mitomycin B. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 2.1.3.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | ornithine carbamoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | carbamoyl phosphate + L-ornithine = phosphate + L-citrulline | ||||||||||||||||||||
For diagram of the urea cycle and arginine biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | citrulline phosphorylase; ornithine transcarbamylase; OTC; carbamylphosphate-ornithine transcarbamylase; L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase; L-ornithine carbamyltransferase; L-ornithine transcarbamylase; ornithine carbamyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The plant enzyme also catalyses the reactions of EC 2.1.3.6 putrescine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.7.2.2 carbamate kinase and EC 3.5.3.12 agmatine deiminase, thus acting as putrescine synthase, converting agmatine [(4-aminobutyl)guanidine] and ornithine into putrescine and citrulline, respectively. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9001-69-8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 2.1.3.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | putrescine carbamoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = phosphate + N-carbamoylputrescine | ||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | putrescine = butane-1,4-diamine | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | PTCase; putrescine synthase; putrescine transcarbamylase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | carbamoyl-phosphate:putrescine carbamoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The plant enzyme also catalyses the reactions of EC 2.1.3.3 ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.7.2.2 carbamate kinase and EC 3.5.3.12 agmatine deiminase, thus acting as putrescine synthase, converting agmatine [(4-aminobutyl)guanidine] and ornithine into putrescine and citrulline, respectively. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9076-55-5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 2.7.2.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | carbamate kinase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | ATP + NH3 + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + H2O (overall reaction) (1a) ATP + carbamate = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate (1b) NH3 + hydrogencarbonate = carbamate + H2O (spontaneous) |
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For diagram of AMP catabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | CKase; carbamoyl phosphokinase; carbamyl phosphokinase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | ATP:carbamate phosphotransferase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses the reversible conversion of carbamoyl phosphate and ADP to ATP and carbamate, which hydrolyses to ammonia and hydrogencarbonate. The physiological role of the enzyme is to generate ATP. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9026-69-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.1.1.122 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | carbendazim hydrolysing esterase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | carbendazim + H2O = 2-aminobenzimidazole + CO2 + methanol (overall reaction) (1a) carbendazim + H2O = N-(1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)carbamate + methanol (1b) N-(1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)carbamate = 2-aminobenzimidazole + CO2 (spontaneous) |
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Glossary: | carbendazim = methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate; 2-aminobenzimidazole = 1H-benzimidazol-2-amine | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | mheI (gene name) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | carbendazim methanol hydrolase (decarboxylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, which is inducible in the soil bacterium Nocardioides sp. (strain SG-4G), catalyses the degradation of the fungicide carbendazim. Following hydrolysis of the carbamate ester, the carbamate decarboxylates spontaneously. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 10605-21-7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.5.1.54 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | allophanate hydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | urea-1-carboxylate + H2O = 2 CO2 + 2 NH3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For diagram of atrazine catabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | allophanate = urea-1-carboxylate | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | allophanate lyase; AtzF; TrzF | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | urea-1-carboxylate amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Along with EC 3.5.2.15 (cyanuric acid amidohydrolase) and EC 3.5.1.84 (biuret amidohydrolase), this enzyme forms part of the cyanuric-acid metabolism pathway, which degrades s-triazide herbicides, such as atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine], in bacteria. The yeast enzyme (but not that from green algae) also catalyses the reaction of EC 6.3.4.6, urea carboxylase, thus bringing about the hydrolysis of urea to CO2 and NH3 in the presence of ATP and bicarbonate. The enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP has a narrow substrate specificity, being unable to use the structurally analogous compounds urea, hydroxyurea or methylcarbamate as substrate [6]. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9076-72-6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.5.1.110 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | ureidoacrylate amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) (Z)-3-ureidoacrylate + H2O = (Z)-3-aminoacrylate + CO2 + NH3 (overall reaction) (1a) (Z)-3-ureidoacrylate + H2O = (Z)-3-aminoacrylate + carbamate (1b) carbamate = CO2 + NH3 (spontaneous) (2) (Z)-2-methylureidoacrylate + H2O = (Z)-2-methylaminoacrylate + CO2 + NH3 (overall reaction) (2a) (Z)-2-methylureidoacrylate + H2O = (Z)-2-methylaminoacrylate + carbamate (2b) carbamate = CO2 + NH3 (spontaneous) |
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For diagram of pyrimidine catabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | (Z)-3-ureidoacrylate = (2Z)-3-(carbamoylamino)prop-2-enoate (Z)-2-methylureidoacrylate = (2Z)-3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylprop-2-enoate |
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Other name(s): | peroxyureidoacrylate/ureidoacrylate amidohydrolase; rutB (gene name); (Z)-3-ureidoacrylate peracid amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | (Z)-3-ureidoacrylate amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme participates in the Rut pyrimidine catabolic pathway. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.5.1.137 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | N-methylcarbamate hydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | an N-methyl carbamate ester + H2O = an alcohol + methylamine + CO2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | carbaryl = N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | mcbA (gene name); cehA (gene name); cfdJ (gene name); carbaryl hydrolase; carbofuran hydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | N-methyl carbamate ester hydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses the first step in the degradation of several carbamate insecticides such as carbaryl, carbofuran, isoprocarb, propoxur, aldicarb and oxamyl. It catalyses the cleavage of the ester bond to release N-methylcarbamate, which spontaneously hydrolyses to methylamine and CO2. The enzymes from several Gram-negative bacteria were shown to be located in the periplasm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.5.2.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | cyanuric acid amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | cyanuric acid + H2O = 1-carboxybiuret | ||||||||||||||||||||
For diagram of atrazine catabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | cyanuric acid = 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione = 2,4,6-trihydroxy-s-triazine 1-carboxybiuret = N-[(carbamoylamino)carbonyl]carbamate |
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Other name(s): | atzD (gene name); trzD (gene name) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | cyanuric acid amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses the ring cleavage of cyanuric acid, an intermediate in the degradation of s-triazide herbicides such as atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine]. The enzyme is highly specific for cyanuric acid. The product was initially thought to be biuret, but was later shown to be 1-carboxybiuret. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 132965-78-7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.5.3.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | agmatine deiminase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | agmatine + H2O = N-carbamoylputrescine + NH3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | agmatine = (4-aminobutyl)guanidine | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | agmatine amidinohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | agmatine iminohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The plant enzyme also catalyses the reactions of EC 2.1.3.3 (ornithine carbamoyltransferase), EC 2.1.3.6 (putrescine carbamoyltransferase) and EC 2.7.2.2 (carbamate kinase), thus functioning as a putrescine synthase, converting agmatine and ornithine into putrescine and citrulline, respectively. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37289-17-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 4.2.1.104 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | cyanase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | cyanate + hydrogencarbonate + 2 H+ = NH3 + 2 CO2 (overall reaction) (1a) cyanate + hydrogencarbonate + H+ = carbamate + CO2 (1b) carbamate + H+ = NH3 + CO2 (spontaneous) |
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For diagram of reaction, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | cyanate = NCO- carbamate = H2N-CO-O- |
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Other name(s): | cyanate lyase; cyanate hydrolase; cyanate aminohydrolase; cyanate C-N-lyase; cyanate hydratase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | carbamate hydro-lyase | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This enzyme, which is found in bacteria and plants, is used to decompose cyanate, which can be used as the sole source of nitrogen [6,7]. Reaction (1a) can be considered an equivalent of 'cyanate + H2O = carbamate', where the water molecule is provided by the dehydration of bicarbonate to carbon dioxide [2], and hence the enzyme is classified as a hydrolase. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37289-24-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 6.3.4.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 2 ATP + NH3 + hydrogencarbonate = 2 ADP + phosphate + carbamoyl phosphate (overall reaction) (1a) ATP + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + carboxyphosphate (1b) NH3 + carboxyphosphate = carbamate + phosphate (1c) ATP + carbamate = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate |
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For diagram of pyrimidine biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | carbon-dioxide—ammonia ligase; carbamoylphosphate synthase; carbamylphosphate synthetase; carbamoylphosphate synthase (ammonia); carbamoylphosphate synthetase; carbamylphosphate synthetase I; CPSI (gene name); carbon-dioxide:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | hydrogencarbonate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses the first committed step in the urea cycle. The reaction proceeds via three separate chemical reactions: phosphorylation of hydrogencarbonate to carboxyphosphate; a nucleophilic attack of ammonia on carboxyphosphate yielding carbamate; and the phosphorylation of carbamate forming carbamoyl phosphate. Two moles of ATP are utilized for the synthesis of one molecule of carbamyl phosphate, making the reaction essentially irreversible. The enzyme requires the allosteric activator N-acetyl-L-glutamate. cf. EC 6.3.5.5, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9026-23-7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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EC | 6.3.5.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 2 ATP + L-glutamine + hydrogencarbonate + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate (overall reaction) (1a) L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3 (1b) ATP + hydrogencarbonate = ADP + carboxyphosphate (1c) NH3 + carboxyphosphate = carbamate + phosphate (1d) ATP + carbamate = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate |
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For diagram of pyrimidine biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing); carbamyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine); carbamoylphosphate synthetase II; glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase; carbamoyl phosphate synthetase; CPS; carbon-dioxide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating); carA (gene name); carB (gene name); CAD (gene name); hydrogen-carbonate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | hydrogencarbonate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The product carbamoyl phosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of arginine and the pyrimidine nucleotides [4]. The enzyme from Escherichia coli has three separate active sites, which are connected by a molecular tunnel that is almost 100 Å in length [8]. The amidotransferase domain within the small subunit of the enzyme hydrolyses glutamine to ammonia via a thioester intermediate. The ammonia migrates through the interior of the protein, where it reacts with carboxyphosphate to produce the carbamate intermediate. The carboxyphosphate intermediate is formed by the phosphorylation of hydrogencarbonate by ATP at a site contained within the N-terminal half of the large subunit. The carbamate intermediate is transported through the interior of the protein to a second site within the C-terminal half of the large subunit, where it is phosphorylated by another ATP to yield the final product, carbamoyl phosphate [6]. cf. EC 6.3.4.16, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37233-48-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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