The Enzyme Database

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EC 2.1.1.22     
Accepted name: carnosine N-methyltransferase
Reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carnosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anserine
Systematic name: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:carnosine N-methyltransferase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37256-93-2
References:
1.  McManus, I.R. Enzymatic synthesis of anserine in skeletal muscle by N-methylation of carnosine. J. Biol. Chem. 237 (1962) 1207–1211.
[EC 2.1.1.22 created 1972]
 
 
EC 3.4.13.3      
Deleted entry: Xaa-His dipeptidase. The activity is covered by EC 3.4.13.18, cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase and EC 3.4.13.20, β-Ala-His dipeptidase.
[EC 3.4.13.3 created 1961 as EC 3.4.3.3, transferred 1972 to EC 3.4.13.3, modified 1989 (EC 3.4.13.13 created 1981, incorporated 1992), deleted 2011]
 
 
EC 3.4.13.5     
Accepted name: Xaa-methyl-His dipeptidase
Reaction: Hydrolysis of anserine (β-alanyl┼Nπ-methyl-L-histidine), carnosine, homocarnosine, glycyl┼leucine and other dipeptides with broad specificity
Other name(s): anserinase; aminoacyl-methylhistidine dipeptidase; acetylhistidine deacetylase; N-acetylhistidine deacetylase; α-N-acetyl-L-histidine aminohydrolase; X-methyl-His dipeptidase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9027-38-7
References:
1.  Jones, N.R. The free amino acids of fish. 1-Methylhistidine and β-alanine liberation by skeletal muscle anserinase of codling (Gadus callarias). Biochem. J. 60 (1955) 81–87. [PMID: 14363188]
2.  Baslow, M.H. and Lenney, J.F. α-N-Acetyl-L-histidine amidohydrolase activity from the brain of the skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis. Can. J. Biochem. 45 (1967) 337–340. [PMID: 6067033]
3.  Lenney, J.F., Baslow, M.H. and Sugiyama, G.H. Similarity of tuna N-acetylhistidine deacetylase and cod fish anserinase. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Comp. Biochem. 61 (1978) 253–258. [PMID: 318374]
[EC 3.4.13.5 created 1961 as EC 3.4.3.4, transferred 1972 to EC 3.4.13.5, modified 1981 (EC 3.5.1.34 created 1972, incorporated 1981)]
 
 
EC 3.4.13.20     
Accepted name: β-Ala-His dipeptidase
Reaction: Preferential hydrolysis of the β-Ala┼His dipeptide (carnosine), and also anserine, Xaa┼His dipeptides and other dipeptides including homocarnosine
Other name(s): serum carnosinase
Comments: Present in the serum of humans and higher primates, but not in the serum of other mammals. Activated by Cd2+ and citrate. Belongs in peptidase family M20.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 525589-43-9
References:
1.  Lenney, J.F., George, R.P., Weiss, A.M., Kucera, C.M., Chan, P.W.H. and Rinzler, G.S. Human serum carnosinase: characterization, distinction from cellular carnosinase, and activation by cadmium. Clin. Chim. Acta 123 (1982) 221–231. [DOI] [PMID: 7116644]
2.  Jackson, M.C., Kucera, C.M. and Lenney, J.F. Purification and properties of human serum carnosinase. Clin. Chim. Acta 196 (1991) 193–206. [DOI] [PMID: 1903095]
[EC 3.4.13.20 created 1992]
 
 
EC 6.3.2.11     
Accepted name: carnosine synthase
Reaction: ATP + L-histidine + β-alanine = ADP + phosphate + carnosine
Glossary: carnosine = N-β-alanyl-L-histidine
Other name(s): carnosine synthetase; carnosine-anserine synthetase; homocarnosine-carnosine synthetase; carnosine-homocarnosine synthetase; L-histidine:β-alanine ligase (AMP-forming) (incorrect)
Systematic name: L-histidine:β-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
Comments: This enzyme was thought to form AMP [1,2], but studies with highly purified enzyme proved that it forms ADP [4]. Carnosine is a dipeptide that is present at high concentrations in skeletal muscle and the olfactory bulb of vertebrates [3]. It is also found in the skeletal muscle of some invertebrates. The enzyme can also catalyse the formation of homocarnosine from 4-aminobutanoate and L-histidine, with much lower activity [4].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9023-61-4
References:
1.  Kalyankar, G.D. and Meister, A. Enzymatic synthesis of carnosine and related β-alanyl and γ-aminobutyryl peptides. J. Biol. Chem. 234 (1959) 3210–3218. [PMID: 14404206]
2.  Stenesh, J.J. and Winnick, T. Carnosine-anserine synthetase of muscle. 4. Partial purification of the enzyme and further studies of β-alanyl peptide synthesis. Biochem. J. 77 (1960) 575–581. [PMID: 16748858]
3.  Crush, K.G. Carnosine and related substances in animal tissues. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 34 (1970) 3–30. [PMID: 4988625]
4.  Drozak, J., Veiga-da-Cunha, M., Vertommen, D., Stroobant, V. and Van Schaftingen, E. Molecular identification of carnosine synthase as ATP-grasp domain-containing protein 1 (ATPGD1). J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 9346–9356. [DOI] [PMID: 20097752]
[EC 6.3.2.11 created 1965, modified 2010]
 
 


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