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Displaying entries 1-50 of 51.
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EC | 1.5.99.12 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | cytokinin dehydrogenase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | N6-prenyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced acceptor | ||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | zeatin = (E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol = (E)-N6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)adenine N6-prenyladenine = N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)purin-6-amine |
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Other name(s): | N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase; 6-N-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase; OsCKX2; CKX; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase; N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | N6-prenyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | A flavoprotein (FAD). Catalyses the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N6-substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is a prenyl group. Although this activity was previously thought to be catalysed by a hydrogen-peroxide-forming oxidase, this enzyme does not require oxygen for activity and does not form hydrogen peroxide. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol, methylene blue, nitroblue tetrazolium, phenazine methosulfate and copper(II) in the presence of imidazole can act as acceptors. This enzyme plays a part in regulating rice-grain production, with lower levels of the enzyme resulting in enhanced grain production [2]. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 55326-39-1 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 1.13.11.83 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenylpyruvate oxygenase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = 4-hydroxy-3-prenylmandelate + CO2 | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl)pyruvate = 3-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl)-2-oxopropanoate 4-hydroxy-3-prenylmandelate = 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl)acetate prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl |
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Other name(s): | CloR | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl)pyruvate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (4-hydroxy-3-prenylmandelate-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Requires non-heme-iron(II). Isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces roseochromogenes DS 12976. A bifunctional enzyme involved in clorobiocin biosynthesis that also catalyses the activity of EC 1.13.12.23, 4-hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoate synthase. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 1.13.12.23 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 4-hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoate synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 4-hydroxy-3-prenylmandelate + O2 = 4-hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoate + CO2 + H2O | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | 4-hydroxy-3-prenylmandelate = 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl)acetate prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl |
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Other name(s): | CloR; novR (gene name) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 4-hydroxy-3-prenylmandelate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoate forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces roseochromogenes DS 12976. A bifunctional enzyme involved in clorobiocin biosynthesis that also catalyses the activity of EC 1.13.11.83, 4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenylpyruvate oxygenase. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 1.14.13.85 | ||||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | glyceollin synthase. Now EC 1.14.14.135, glyceollin synthase | ||||||||||||||||
EC | 1.14.13.103 | ||||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | 8-dimethylallylnaringenin 2-hydroxylase. Now EC 1.14.14.142, 8-dimethylallylnaringenin 2-hydroxylase | ||||||||||||||||
EC | 1.14.14.135 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | glyceollin synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxy-2-prenylpterocarpan + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = glyceollin II + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O (2) (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxy-2-prenylpterocarpan + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = glyceollin III + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O (3) (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxy-4-prenylpterocarpan + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = glyceollin I + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O |
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For diagram of glyceollin biosynthesis (part 2), click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | dimethylallyl-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan cyclase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxy-2-prenylpterocarpan,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein purified from soybean. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 1.14.14.142 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 8-dimethylallylnaringenin 2′-hydroxylase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | sophoraflavanone B + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = leachianone G + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of sophoraflavanone G biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | dimethylallyl = prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl lavandulyl = 5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl leachianone G = (–)-(2S)-2′-hydroxy-8-prenylnaringenin = (–)-(2S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one naringenin = 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one sophoraflavanone B = (–)-(2S)-8-prenylnaringenin = (–)-(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one |
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Other name(s): | 8-DMAN 2′-hydroxylase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | sophoraflavanone-B,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (2′-hydroxylating) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | A membrane-bound cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein that is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum [1,2]. This enzyme is specific for sophoraflavanone B as substrate. Along with EC 2.5.1.70 (naringenin 8-dimethylallyltransferase) and EC 2.5.1.71 (leachianone G 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase), this enzyme forms part of the sophoraflavanone G biosynthetic pathway. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 1.14.99.69 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | tRNA 2-(methylsulfanyl)-N6-isopentenyladenosine37 hydroxylase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 2-(methylsulfanyl)-N6-prenyladenosine37 in tRNA + reduced acceptor + O2 = N6-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl]-2-(methylsulfanyl)adenosine37 in tRNA + acceptor + H2O | ||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | 2-(methylsulfanyl)-N6-prenyladenosine = N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-(methylsulfanyl)adenosine | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | miaE (gene name); tRNA 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyl adenosine(37) hydroxylase; tRNA 2-(methylsulfanyl)-N6-dimethylallyladenosine37 hydroxylase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | tRNA 2-(methylsulfanyl)-N6-prenyladenosine37,donor:oxygen 4-oxidoreductase (trans-hydroxylating) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, found only within a small subset of facultative anaerobic bacteria, belongs to the nonheme diiron family. The enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium was shown to catalyse a stereoselective (E)-hydroxylation at the terminal C4-position of the prenyl group. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 1.17.1.2 | ||||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, now classified as EC 1.17.7.4, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase. | ||||||||||||||||
EC | 2.1.1.34 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | tRNA (guanosine18-2′-O)-methyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine18 in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2′-O-methylguanosine18 in tRNA | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | tRNA (Gm18) 2′-O-methyltransferase; tRNA (Gm18) methyltransferase; TrmH; SpoU | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanosine18-2′-O)-methyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses the methylation of guanosine18 in tRNA. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37257-01-5 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.1.1.261 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 4-dimethylallyltryptophan N-methyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4-prenyl-L-tryptophan = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4-prenyl-L-abrine | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | 4-prenyl-L-tryptophan = 4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan = 4-dimethylallyl-L-tryptophan (ambiguous); 4-prenyl-L-abrine = 4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-abrine = 4-dimethylallyl-L-abrine (ambiguous) |
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Other name(s): | fgaMT (gene name); easF (gene name) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan N-methyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses a step in the pathway leading to biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids in certain fungi. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.1 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | dimethylallyltranstransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of terpenoid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl = isopentenyl (ambiguous) prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl = dimethylallyl (ambiguous) |
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Other name(s): | geranyl-diphosphate synthase; prenyltransferase; dimethylallyltransferase; DMAPP:IPP-dimethylallyltransferase; (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthetase; diprenyltransferase; geranyl pyrophosphate synthase; geranyl pyrophosphate synthetase; trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltranstransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl-diphosphate prenyltranstransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This enzyme will not accept larger prenyl diphosphates as efficient donors. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9032-79-5 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.8 | ||||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | tRNA isopentenyltransferase. As it is now known that the substrate is dimethylallyl diphosphate, the enzyme has been transferred to EC 2.5.1.75, tRNA dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
EC | 2.5.1.10 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of terpenoid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | farnesyl-diphosphate synthase; geranyl transferase I; prenyltransferase; farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase; farnesylpyrophosphate synthetase; geranyltranstransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | geranyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate geranyltranstransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Some forms of this enzyme will also use dimethylallyl diphosphate as a substrate. The enzyme will not accept larger prenyl diphosphates as efficient donors. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37277-79-5 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.11 | ||||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | trans-octaprenyltranstransferase. Now covered by EC 2.5.1.84 (all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase [geranyl-diphosphate specific]) and EC 2.5.1.85 (all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate synthase [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific]) | ||||||||||||||||
EC | 2.5.1.27 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (AMP-dependent) | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + AMP = diphosphate + N6-prenyladenosine 5′-phosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of N6-(Dimethylallyl)adenosine phosphates biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl = dimethylallyl (ambiguous) | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | cytokinin synthase (ambiguous); isopentenyltransferase (ambiguous); 2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:AMP Δ2-isopentenyltransferase; adenylate isopentenyltransferase (ambiguous); IPT; adenylate dimethylallyltransferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:AMP dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:AMP prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Involved in the biosynthesis of cytokinins in plants. Some isoforms from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana are specific for AMP while others also have the activity of EC 2.5.1.112, adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent). | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 72840-95-0 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.28 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | dimethylallylcistransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + 3-methyl-but-3-en-1-yl diphosphate = diphosphate + neryl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of all-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | neryl = (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl |
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Other name(s): | neryl-diphosphate synthase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate dimethylallylcistransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:3-methyl-but-3-en-1-yl-diphosphate prenylcistransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This enzyme will not use larger prenyl diphosphates as efficient donors. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9032-79-5 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.29 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of terpenoid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase; geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase; geranylgeranyl-PP synthetase; farnesyltransferase; geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; farnesyltranstransferase (obsolete) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Some forms of this enzyme will also use geranyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate as donors; it will not use larger prenyl diphosphates as efficient donors. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9032-58-0 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.34 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 4-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + L-tryptophan = diphosphate + 4-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-L-tryptophan | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | dimethylallylpyrophosphate:L-tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase; dimethylallyltryptophan synthetase; dimethylallylpyrophosphate:tryptophan dimethylallyl transferase; DMAT synthetase; 4-(γ,gamma-dimethylallyl)tryptophan synthase; tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:L-tryptophan 4-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:L-tryptophan 4-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 55127-01-0 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.35 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 2 prenyl diphosphate + aspulvinone E = 2 diphosphate + aspulvinone H | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | dimethylallyl pyrophosphate:aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:aspulvinone-E dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:aspulvinone-E prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This enzyme will also use as acceptor aspulvinone G, a hydroxylated derivative of the complex phenolic pigment aspulvinone E. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 67584-68-3 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.36 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) prenyl diphosphate + (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan = diphosphate + (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxy-2-prenylpterocarpan (2) prenyl diphosphate + (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan = diphosphate + (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxy-4-prenylpterocarpan |
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For diagram of glyceollin biosynthesis (part 2), click here | |||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | glyceollin synthase; dimethylallylpyrophosphate:3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase; dimethylallylpyrophosphate:trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyl transferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan dimethyltransferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Part of the glyceollin biosynthesis system in soy bean. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 70851-94-4 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.39 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a polyprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate = diphosphate + a 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of ubiquinol biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate transferase; 4-hydroxybenzoate transferase; p-hydroxybenzoate dimethylallyltransferase; p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase; p-hydroxybenzoic acid-polyprenyl transferase; p-hydroxybenzoic-polyprenyl transferase; 4-hydroxybenzoate nonaprenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | polyprenyl-diphosphate:4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone, attaches a polyprenyl side chain to a 4-hydroxybenzoate ring, producing the first ubiquinone intermediate that is membrane bound. The number of isoprenoid subunits in the side chain varies in different species. The enzyme does not have any specificity concerning the length of the polyprenyl tail, and accepts tails of various lengths with similar efficiency [2,4,5]. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9030-77-7 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.67 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 2 prenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + chrysanthemyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of reaction, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | chrysanthemyl = [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopropyl]methyl chrysanthemic acid = 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid |
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Other name(s): | CPPase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:dimethylallyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltransferase (chrysanthemyl-diphosphate-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:prenyl-diphosphate prenyltransferase (chrysanthemyl-diphosphate-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Requires a divalent metal ion for activity, with Mg2+ being better than Mn2+ [1]. Chrysanthemyl diphosphate is a monoterpene with a non-head-to-tail linkage. It is unlike most monoterpenoids, which are derived from geranyl diphosphate and have isoprene units that are linked head-to-tail. The mechanism of its formation is similar to that of the early steps of squalene and phytoene biosynthesis. Chrysanthemyl diphosphate is the precursor of chrysanthemic acid, the acid half of the pyrethroid insecticides found in chrysanthemums. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.69 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lavandulyl diphosphate synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 2 prenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + lavandulyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of reaction, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | lavandulyl = 5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | FDS-5; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:dimethylallyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltransferase (lavandulyl-diphosphate-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:prenyl-diphosphate prenyltransferase (lavandulyl-diphosphate-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Lavandulyl diphosphate is a monoterpene with a non-head-to-tail linkage. It is unlike most monoterpenoids, which are derived from geranyl diphosphate and have isoprene units that are linked head-to-tail. When this enzyme is incubated with prenyl diphosphate and 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate, it also forms the regular monoterpene geranyl diphosphate [2]. The enzyme from Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) forms both lavandulyl diphosphate and chrysanthemyl diphosphate (see EC 2.5.1.67, chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase) when prenyl diphosphate is the sole substrate. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.70 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | naringenin 8-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + (–)-(2S)-naringenin = diphosphate + sophoraflavanone B | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of sophoraflavanone G biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | dimethylallyl = prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl (–)-(2S)-naringenin = (–)-(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one sophoraflavanone B = (–)-(2S)-8-prenylnaringenin = (–)-(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one |
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Other name(s): | N8DT; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:naringenin 8-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:naringenin 8-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Requires Mg2+. This membrane-bound protein is located in the plastids [2]. In addition to naringenin, the enzyme can prenylate several other flavanones at the C-8 position, but more slowly. Along with EC 1.14.14.142 (8-dimethylallylnaringenin 2′-hydroxylase) and EC 2.5.1.71 (leachianone-G 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase), this enzyme forms part of the sophoraflavanone-G-biosynthesis pathway. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.71 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | leachianone-G 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + leachianone G = diphosphate + sophoraflavanone G | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of sophoraflavanone G biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | dimethylallyl = prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl isopentenyl = 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl lavandulyl = 5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl leachianone G = (–)-(2S)-2′-hydroxy-8-prenylnaringenin = (–)-(2S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one sophoraflavanone G = (2S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl]-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one |
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Other name(s): | LG 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase; leachianone G 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase; LGDT; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:leachianone-G 2′′-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:leachianone-G 2′′-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This membrane-bound enzyme is located in the plastids and requires Mg2+ for activity. The reaction forms the lavandulyl sidechain of sophoraflavanone G by transferring a prenyl group to the 2′′ position of another prenyl group attached at position 8 of leachianone G. The enzyme is specific for prenyl diphosphate as the prenyl donor, as it cannot be replaced by isopentenyl diphosphate or geranyl diphosphate. Euchrenone a7 (a 5-deoxy derivative of leachianone G) and kenusanone I (a 7-methoxy derivative of leachianone G) can also act as substrates, but more slowly. Along with EC 1.14.14.142 (8-dimethylallylnaringenin 2′-hydroxylase) and EC 2.5.1.70 (naringenin 8-dimethylallyltransferase), this enzyme forms part of the sophoraflavanone-G-biosynthesis pathway. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.75 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | tRNA dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + adenosine37 in tRNA = diphosphate + N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-adenosine37 in tRNA | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of N6-(Dimethylallyl)adenosine37 modified tRNA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-adenine37 in tRNA = N6-dimethylallyladenine37 in tRNA | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | tRNA prenyltransferase; MiaA; transfer ribonucleate isopentenyltransferase (incorrect); Δ2-isopentenyl pyrophosphate:tRNA-Δ2-isopentenyl transferase (incorrect); Δ2-isopentenyl pyrophosphate:transfer ribonucleic acid Δ2-isopentenyltransferase (incorrect); dimethylallyl-diphosphate: tRNA dimethylallyltransferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:adenine37 in tRNA dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:adenine37 in tRNA prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Formerly known as tRNA isopentenyltransferase, but it is now known that prenyl diphosphate, rather than isopentenyl diphosphate, is the substrate. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.80 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 7-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + L-tryptophan = diphosphate + 7-prenyl-L-tryptophan | ||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | 7-DMATS; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:L-tryptophan 7-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:L-tryptophan 7-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This enzyme is more flexible towards the aromatic substrate than EC 2.5.1.34 (4-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase), but similar to that enzyme, accepts only prenyl diphosphate as the prenyl donor. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.92 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate (1a) prenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + neryl diphosphate (1b) neryl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate |
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For diagram of all-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | cis,cis-farnesyl diphosphate synthase; Z,Z-FPP synthase; zFPS; Z,Z-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate cistransferase (adding 2 isopentenyl units) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate cistransferase (adding 2 isopentenyl units) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This enzyme, originally characterized from wild tomato, specifically forms (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate via neryl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate. In wild tomato it is involved in the biosynthesis of several sesquiterpenes. See also EC 2.5.1.68 [(2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase] and EC 2.5.1.10 [(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase]. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.100 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | fumigaclavine A dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | fumigaclavine A + prenyl diphosphate = fumigaclavine C + diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of fumigaclavin alkaloid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | fumigaclavine A = 6,8β-dimethylergolin-9β-yl acetate; fumigaclavine C = 6,8β-dimethyl-2-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)ergolin-9β-yl acetate |
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Other name(s): | FgaPT1; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:fumigaclavine A dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:fumigaclavine A prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Fumigaclavine C is an ergot alkaloid produced by some fungi of the Trichocomaceae family. Activity does not require any metal ions. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.106 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | tryprostatin B synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + brevianamide F = diphosphate + tryprostatin B | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of fumitremorgin alkaloid biosynthesis (part 1), click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | brevianamide F = (3S,8aS)-3-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione tryprostatin B = (3S,8aS)-3-{[2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methyl}hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione |
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Other name(s): | ftmPT1 (gene name); brevianamide F prenyltransferase (ambiguous); dimethylallyl-diphosphate:brevianamide-F dimethylallyl-C-2-transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:brevianamide-F prenyl-C-2-transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus can also prenylate other tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides. Prenylation occurs mainly at C-2 [1], but also at C-3 [2]. Involved in the biosynthetic pathways of several indole alkaloids such as tryprostatins, cyclotryprostatins, spirotryprostatins, fumitremorgins and verruculogen. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.107 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | verruculogen prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + verruculogen = diphosphate + fumitremorgin A | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of fumitremorgin alkaloid biosynthesis (part 2), click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate verruculogen = (5R,10S,10aR,14aS,15bS)-10,10a-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1,10,10a,14,14a,15b-hexahydro-12H-3,4-dioxa-5a,11a,15a-triazacycloocta[1,2,3-lm]indeno[5,6-b]fluorene-11,15(2H,13H)-dione fumitremorgin A = (5R,10S,10aR,14aS,15bS)-10a-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-10-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]-5-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1,10,10a,14,14a,15b-hexahydro-12H-3,4-dioxa-5a,11a,15a-triazacycloocta[1,2,3-lm]indeno[5,6-b]fluorene-11,15(H,13H)-dione |
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Other name(s): | FtmPT3; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:verruculogen dimethylallyl-O-transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:verruculogen dimethylallyl-O-transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Found in a number of fungi. Catalyses the last step in the biosynthetic pathway of the indole alkaloid fumitremorgin A. The enzyme from the fungus Neosartorya fischeri is also active with fumitremorgin B and 12α,13α-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.109 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | brevianamide F prenyltransferase (deoxybrevianamide E-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + brevianamide F = diphosphate + deoxybrevianamide E | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of fumitremorgin alkaloid biosynthesis (part 1), click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | brevianamide F = (3S,8aS)-3-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione deoxybrevianamide E = (3S,8aS)-3-{[2-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methyl}-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazine-1,4-dione |
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Other name(s): | NotF; BrePT; brevianamide F reverse prenyltransferase; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:brevianamide-F tert-dimethylallyl-C-2-transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:brevianamide-F 2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl-C-2-transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme from the fungus Aspergilus sp. MF297-2 is specific for brevianamide F [1], while the enzyme from Aspergillus versicolor accepts a broad range of trytophan-containing cyclic dipeptides [2]. Involved in the biosynthetic pathways of several indole alkaloids such as paraherquamides and malbrancheamides. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.110 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 12α,13α-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + 12α,13α-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C = diphosphate + fumitremorgin B | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of fumitremorgin alkaloid biosynthesis (part 2), click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | 12α,13α-dihydroxyfumitremorgin = (5aR,6S,12S,14aS)-5a,6-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-12-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1,2,3,5a,6,11,12,14a-octahydro-5H,14H-pyrrolo[1′′,2′′:4′,5′]pyrazino[1′,2′:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-5,14-dione fumitremorgin B = (5aR,6S,12S,14aS)-5a,6-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-11-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-12-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1,2,3,5a,6,11,12,14a-octahydro-5H,14H-pyrrolo[1′′,2′′:4′,5′]pyrazino[1′,2′:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-5,14-dione |
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Other name(s): | ftmH (gene name); FtmPT2; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:12α,13α-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C dimethylallyl-N-1-transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:12α,13α-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C prenyl-N-1-transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus also shows some activity with fumitremorgin C. Involved in the biosynthetic pathways of several indole alkaloids such as fumitremorgins and verruculogen. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.111 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 3-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate = diphosphate + 3-(4-hydroxy-3-prenylphenyl)pyruvate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate metabolites, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate = 3-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenyl]-2-oxopropanoate | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | CloQ; 4HPP dimethylallyltransferase; NovQ; dimethylallyl diphosphate:4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 3-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate 3′-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme's product feeds into the biosynthesis of the aminocoumarin antibiotics clorobiocin and novobiocin [1]. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.112 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent) | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) prenyl diphosphate + ADP = diphosphate + N6-prenyladenosine 5′-diphosphate (2) prenyl diphosphate + ATP = diphosphate + N6-prenyladenosine 5′-triphosphate |
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For diagram of N6-(Dimethylallyl)adenosine phosphates biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | cytokinin synthase (ambiguous); isopentenyltransferase (ambiguous); 2-isopentenyl-diphosphate:ADP/ATP Δ2-isopentenyltransferase; adenylate isopentenyltransferase (ambiguous); dimethylallyl diphosphate:ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferase: IPT; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:ADP/ATP dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:ADP/ATP prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Involved in the biosynthesis of cytokinins in plants. The IPT4 isoform from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana is specific for ADP and ATP [1]. Other isoforms, such as IPT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana [1,2] and the enzyme from the common hop, Humulus lupulus [3], also have a lower activity with AMP (cf. EC 2.5.1.27, adenylate dimethylallyltransferase). | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.121 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate 9-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + 5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate = diphosphate + 9-prenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate | ||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | 9-prenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate = 9-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | PpzP; dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate dimethylallyltransferase; 5,10-dihydrophenazine 1-carboxylate dimethylallyltransferase; dimethylallyl diphosphate:5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate 9-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate 9-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of prenylated phenazines by the bacterium Streptomyces anulatus. It is specific for both prenyl diphosphate and 5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylate. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.122 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 4-O-dimethylallyl-L-tyrosine synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + L-tyrosine = diphosphate + 4-O-prenyl-L-tyrosine | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | SirD; dimethylallyl diphosphate:L-tyrosine 4-O-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:L-tyrosine 4-O-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of the phytotoxin sirodesmin PL by the phytopathogenic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.129 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | flavin prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl phosphate + FMNH2 = prenylated FMNH2 + phosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of prenylated FMNH2 biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenylated FMNH2 = 3,3,4,5-tetramethyl-7-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-(phosphonatooxy)pentyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H,7H-naphtho[1,8-fg]pteridine-9,11(8H,10H)-dione |
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Other name(s): | ubiX (gene name); PAD1 (gene name); dimethylallyl-phosphate:FMNH2 prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-phosphate:FMNH2 prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme produces the modified flavin cofactor prenylated FMNH2, which is required by EC 4.1.1.98, 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate decarboxylase, and EC 4.1.1.102, phenacrylate decarboxylase. The enzyme acts as a flavin prenyltransferase, linking a prenyl moiety to the flavin N-5 and C-6 atoms and thus adding a fourth non-aromatic ring to the flavin isoalloxazine group. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.136 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 2-acylphloroglucinol 4-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + a 2-acylphloroglucinol = diphosphate + a 2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol | ||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | naringenin chalcone = 2′,4,4′,6′-tetrahydroxychalcone = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one phlorisovalerophenone = 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one |
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Other name(s): | PT-1 (gene name); PT1L (gene name); aromatic prenyltransferase (ambiguous); dimethylallyl-diphosphate:2-acylphloroglucinol 4-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:2-acylphloroglucinol 4-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from hop (Humulus lupulus), acts on phlorisovalerophenone, phlormethylbutanophenone, and phlorisobutanophenone during the synthesis of bitter acids. It also acts with much lower activity on naringenin chalcone. Forms a complex with EC 2.5.1.137, 2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol 6-prenyltransferase, which catalyses additional prenylation reactions. Requires Mg2+. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.137 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol 6-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) prenyl diphosphate + a 2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol = diphosphate + a 2-acyl-4,6-bis(prenyl)phloroglucinol (2) prenyl diphosphate + a 2-acyl-4,6-bis(prenyl)phloroglucinol = diphosphate + a 2-acyl-4,6,6-tris(prenyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one |
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Glossary: | a 2-acyl-4,6,6-tris(prenyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one = a β bitter acid | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | PT2 (gene name); aromatic prenyltransferase (ambiguous); dimethylallyl-diphosphate:2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol 6-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol 6-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from hop (Humulus lupulus), catalyses two successive prenylations of a 2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol during the synthesis of bitter acids. Forms a complex with EC 2.5.1.136, 2-acylphloroglucinol 4-prenyltransferase, which catalyses the initial prenylation of the substrates. Requires Mg2+. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.139 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | umbelliferone 6-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + umbelliferone = diphosphate + demethylsuberosin | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of psoralen biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | demethylsuberosin = 7-hydroxy-6-prenyl-1-benzopyran-2-one osthenol = 7-hydroxy-8-prenyl-1-benzopyran-2-one |
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Other name(s): | PcPT; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:umbelliferone 6-dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:umbelliferone 6-prenyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is specific for umbelliferone and prenyl diphosphate. A minor product is osthenol, which is produced by transfer of the prenyl group to C-8 of umbelliferone. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.142 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | nerylneryl diphosphate synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + 3 (3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate) = 3 diphosphate + nerylneryl diphosphate (1a) prenyl diphosphate + 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate = diphosphate + neryl diphosphate (1b) neryl diphosphate + 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate = diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate (1c) (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate + 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate = diphosphate + nerylneryl diphosphate |
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For diagram of all-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | nerylneryl diphosphate = all-cis-tetraprenyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | CPT2; dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate cistransferase (adding 3 isopentenyl units) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl-diphosphate cistransferase (adding 3 units of 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Isolated from the plant Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.149 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lycopene elongase/hydratase (flavuxanthin-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) prenyl diphosphate + all-trans-lycopene + acceptor + H2O = nonaflavuxanthin + reduced electron acceptor + diphosphate (2) prenyl diphosphate + nonaflavuxanthin + acceptor + H2O = flavuxanthin + reduced electron acceptor + diphosphate |
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For diagram of C50-Carotenoid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | flavuxanthin = 2,2′-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,16,1′,16′-tetradehydro-1,2,1′,2′-tetrahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene = (2E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E,28E,34E)-5,32-diisopropenyl-2,8,12,16,21,25,29,35-octamethylhexatriaconta-2,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,34-tridecaene-1,36-diol | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | crtEb (gene name); dimethylallyl-diphosphate:all-trans-lycopene dimethylallyltransferase (hydrating, flavuxanthin-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:all-trans-lycopene prenyltransferase (hydrating, flavuxanthin-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, is bifunctional. It catalyses the elongation of the C40 carotenoid all-trans-lycopene by attaching an isoprene unit at C-2, as well as the hydroxylation of the new isoprene unit. The enzyme acts at both ends of the substrate, forming the C50 carotenoid flavuxanthin via the C45 intermediate nonaflavuxanthin. cf. EC 2.5.1.150, lycopene elongase/hydratase (dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin-forming). | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.150 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lycopene elongase/hydratase (dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) prenyl diphosphate + all-trans-lycopene + H2O = dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin + diphosphate (2) prenyl diphosphate + isopentenyldehydrorhodopin + H2O = dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin + diphosphate |
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For diagram of C50-Carotenoid biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of bacterioruberin biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin = (2S,2S′)-2,2′-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-3,3′,4,4′-tetradehydro-1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene-1,1′-diol = (3S,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E,30R)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-3,30-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)dotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26-dodecaene-2,31-diol | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | lbtA (gene name); lyeJ (gene name); dimethylallyl-diphosphate:all-trans-lycopene dimethylallyltransferase (hydrating, dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:all-trans-lycopene prenyltransferase (hydrating, dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Dietzia sp. CQ4 and the halophilic archaea Halobacterium salinarum and Haloarcula japonica, is bifunctional. It catalyses the elongation of the C40 carotenoid all-trans-lycopene by attaching an isoprene unit at C-2 as well as the hydroxylation of the previous end of the molecule. The enzyme acts at both ends of the substrate, and combined with the action of EC 1.3.99.37, 1-hydroxy-2-isopentenylcarotenoid 3,4-desaturase, it forms the C50 carotenoid dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin. cf. EC 2.5.1.149, lycopene elongase/hydratase (flavuxanthin-forming). | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.158 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (prenyl-diphosphate specific) | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate + 5 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate = all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate + 5 diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate = isopentenyl diphosphate |
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Other name(s): | HexPPS | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl-diphosphate transferase (adding 5 units of 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This activity has been characterized from a number of fungal bifunctional enzymes. Following the formation of hexaprenyl diphosphate, a different domain in the enzymes catalyses its cyclization into a triterpene (see EC 4.2.3.221, macrophomene synthase and EC 4.2.3.220, talaropentaene synthase). cf. EC 2.5.1.82, hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific]. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.5.1.159 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | hapalindole G dimethylallyltransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) prenyl diphosphate + hapalindole G = ambiguine A + diphosphate (2) prenyl diphosphate + hapalindole U = ambiguine H + diphosphate |
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For diagram of hapalindole/fischerindole biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | prenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate hapalindole G = (6aS,8R,9R,10R,10aS)-8-chloro-10-isocyano-6,6,9-trimethyl-9-vinyl-2,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydronaphtho[1,2,3-cd]indole ambiguine A = (6aS,8R,9R,10R,10aS)-8-chloro-10-isocyano-6,6,9-trimethyl-1-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-9-vinyl-2,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydronaphtho[1,2,3-cd]indole hapalindole U = (6aS,9R,10R,10aS)-10-isocyano-6,6,9-trimethyl-9-vinyl-2,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydronaphtho[1,2,3-cd]indole ambiguine H = (6aS,9R,10R,10aS)-9-ethenyl-10-isocyano-6,6,9-trimethyl-1-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydronaphtho[1,2,3-cd]indole |
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Other name(s): | ambP3 (gene name); famD1 (gene name) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate:hapalindole G prenyltransferase (ambiguine A-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Requires Mg2+. The enzyme, characterized from the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua UTEX 1903, is involved in the biosynthesis of hapalindole-type alkaloids. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.8.4.3 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | tRNA-2-methylthio-N6-dimethylallyladenosine synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-adenine37 in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + reduced electron acceptor = N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-(methylsulfanyl)adenine37 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5′-deoxyadenine + electron acceptor (overall reaction) (1a) N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-adenine37 in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + reduced electron acceptor = N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioadenine37 in tRNA + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5′-deoxyadenine + electron acceptor (1b) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-thioadenine37 in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-(methylsulfanyl)adenine37 in tRNA |
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For diagram of N6-(dimethylallyl)adenosine37 modified tRNA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-adenine37 in tRNA = N6-dimethylallyladenine37 in tRNA | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | MiaB; 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine synthase; tRNA-i6A37 methylthiotransferase; tRNA (N6-dimethylallyladenosine37):sulfur-(sulfur carrier),S-adenosyl-L-methionine C2-methylthiotransferase | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | tRNA N6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-adenine37:sulfur-(sulfur carrier),S-adenosyl-L-methionine C2-(methylsulfanyl)transferase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | This bacterial enzyme binds two [4Fe-4S] clusters as well as the transferred sulfur [3]. The enzyme is a member of the superfamily of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent radical (radical AdoMet) enzymes. The sulfur donor is believed to be one of the [4Fe-4S] clusters, which is sacrificed in the process, so that in vitro the reaction is a single turnover. The identity of the electron donor is not known. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 3.6.1.76 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | prenyl-diphosphate phosphatase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) prenyl diphosphate + H2O = prenyl phosphate + phosphate (2) 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate + H2O = 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl phosphate + phosphate |
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Glossary: | isopentenyl = 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl prenyl = 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl = dimethylallyl dimethylallyl diphosphate = DMAPP isopentenyl diphosphate = IPP |
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Systematic name: | prenyl diphosphate/3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl diphosphate phosphohydrolase | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei, belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family (a superfamily of hydrolytic enzymes capable of cleaving nucleoside diphosphates linked to a moiety). Its main purpose is to provide the substrate for EC 2.5.1.129, flavin prenyltransferase. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 4.2.3.27 | ||||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | isoprene synthase | ||||||||||||||||
Reaction: | prenyl diphosphate = isoprene + diphosphate | ||||||||||||||||
For diagram of isoprene biosynthesis and metabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||||
Glossary: | isoprene = 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene | ||||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | ISPC; ISPS; dimethylallyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | prenyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming) | ||||||||||||||||
Comments: | Requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity. This enzyme is located in the chloroplast of isoprene-emitting plants, such as poplar and aspen, and may be activitated by light-dependent changes in chloroplast pH and Mg2+ concentration [2,8]. | ||||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 139172-14-8 | ||||||||||||||||
References: |
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