| EC |
1.3.1.57 |
| Accepted name: |
phloroglucinol reductase |
| Reaction: |
dihydrophloroglucinol + NADP+ = phloroglucinol + NADPH + H+ |
| Glossary: |
phloroglucinol = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene |
| Systematic name: |
dihydrophloroglucinol:NADP+ oxidoreductase |
| Comments: |
Involved in the gallate anaerobic degradation pathway in bacteria. |
| Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 80804-59-7 |
| References: |
| 1. |
Haddock, J.D. and Ferry, J.G. Purification and properties of phloroglucinol reductase from Eubacterium oxidoreducens G-41. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 4423–4427. [PMID: 2925649] |
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| [EC 1.3.1.57 created 2000] |
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| EC |
1.13.11.57 |
| Accepted name: |
gallate dioxygenase |
| Reaction: |
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + O2 = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate |
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For diagram of the protocatechuate 3,4-cleavage pathway, click here |
| Glossary: |
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate = gallate |
| Other name(s): |
GalA; gallate:oxygen oxidoreductase |
| Systematic name: |
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate:oxygen oxidoreductase |
| Comments: |
Contains non-heme Fe2+. The enzyme is a ring-cleavage dioxygenase that acts specifically on 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate to produce the keto-tautomer of 4-oxalomesaconate [1,2]. |
| Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc |
| References: |
| 1. |
Nogales, J., Canales, A., Jiménez-Barbero, J., García, J.L. and Díaz, E. Molecular characterization of the gallate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The prototype of a new subgroup of extradiol dioxygenases. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 35382–35390. [DOI] [PMID: 16030014] |
| 2. |
Nogales, J., Canales, A., Jiménez-Barbero, J., Serra B., Pingarrón, J. M., García, J. L. and Díaz, E. Unravelling the gallic acid degradation pathway in bacteria: the gal cluster from Pseudomonas putida. Mol. Microbiol. 79 (2011) 359–374. [DOI] [PMID: 21219457] |
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| [EC 1.13.11.57 created 2011] |
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| EC |
2.1.1.341 |
| Accepted name: |
vanillate/3-O-methylgallate O-demethylase |
| Reaction: |
(1) vanillate + tetrahydrofolate = protocatechuate + 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
(2) 3-O-methylgallate + tetrahydrofolate = gallate + 5-methyltetrahydrofolate |
| Glossary: |
protocatechuate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
vanillate = 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate
gallate = 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate |
| Other name(s): |
ligM (gene name) |
| Systematic name: |
vanillate:tetrahydrofolate O-methyltransferase |
| Comments: |
The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Sphingomonas sp. SYK6, is involved in the degradation of lignin. The enzyme has similar activities with vanillate and 3-O-methylgallate. |
| Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB |
| References: |
| 1. |
Nishikawa, S., Sonoki, T., Kasahara, T., Obi, T., Kubota, S., Kawai, S., Morohoshi, N. and Katayama, Y. Cloning and sequencing of the Sphingomonas (Pseudomonas) paucimobilis gene essential for the O demethylation of vanillate and syringate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 (1998) 836–842. [PMID: 9501423] |
| 2. |
Masai, E., Sasaki, M., Minakawa, Y., Abe, T., Sonoki, T., Miyauchi, K., Katayama, Y. and Fukuda, M. A novel tetrahydrofolate-dependent O-demethylase gene is essential for growth of Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 with syringate. J. Bacteriol. 186 (2004) 2757–2765. [DOI] [PMID: 15090517] |
| 3. |
Abe, T., Masai, E., Miyauchi, K., Katayama, Y. and Fukuda, M. A tetrahydrofolate-dependent O-demethylase, LigM, is crucial for catabolism of vanillate and syringate in Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6. J. Bacteriol. 187 (2005) 2030–2037. [DOI] [PMID: 15743951] |
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| [EC 2.1.1.341 created 2017] |
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| EC |
2.4.1.136 |
| Accepted name: |
gallate 1-β-glucosyltransferase |
| Reaction: |
UDP-glucose + gallate = UDP + 1-galloyl-β-D-glucose |
| Other name(s): |
UDP-glucose—vanillate 1-glucosyltransferase; UDPglucose:vanillate 1-O-glucosyltransferase; UDPglucose:gallate glucosyltransferase |
| Systematic name: |
UDP-glucose:gallate β-D-glucosyltransferase |
| Comments: |
A number of substituted benzoic acids and, more slowly, cinnamic acids, can act as acceptors. Vanillin is the best acceptor investigated. |
| Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 89700-30-1 |
| References: |
| 1. |
Gross, G.G. Synthesis of β-glucogallin from UDP-glucose and gallic acid by an enzyme preparation from oak leaves. FEBS Lett. 148 (1982) 67–70. |
| 2. |
Gross, G.G. Partial-purification and properties of UDP-glucose-vanillate 1-O-glucosyl transferase from oak leaves. Phytochemistry 22 (1983) 2179–2182. |
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| [EC 2.4.1.136 created 1984] |
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| EC |
3.1.1.20 |
| Accepted name: |
tannase |
| Reaction: |
digallate + H2O = 2 gallate |
| Glossary: |
gallate = 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
digallate = 3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)benzoate |
| Other name(s): |
tannase S; tannin acetylhydrolase |
| Systematic name: |
tannin acylhydrolase |
| Comments: |
Also hydrolyses ester links in other tannins. |
| Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9025-71-2 |
| References: |
| 1. |
Dyckerhoff, H. and Armbruster, R. Zur Kenntnis der Tannase. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 219 (1933) 38–56. |
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| [EC 3.1.1.20 created 1961] |
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| EC |
4.1.1.59 |
| Accepted name: |
gallate decarboxylase |
| Reaction: |
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate = 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene + CO2 |
| Glossary: |
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate = gallate
1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene = pyrogallol |
| Other name(s): |
gallic acid decarboxylase; gallate carboxy-lyase; 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase (pyrogallol-forming) |
| Systematic name: |
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene-forming) |
| Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37290-51-0 |
| References: |
| 1. |
Grant, D.J.W. and Patel, J.C. Non-oxidative decarboxylation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid, and gallic acid by Klebsiella aerogenes (Aerobacter aerogenes). J. Microbiol. Serol. 35 (1969) 325–343. [PMID: 5309907] |
| 2. |
Zeida, M., Wieser, M., Yoshida, T., Sugio, T. and Nagasawa, T. Purification and characterization of gallic acid decarboxylase from Pantoea agglomerans T7. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 (1998) 4743–4747. [PMID: 9835557] |
| 3. |
Jimenez, N., Curiel, J.A., Reveron, I., de Las Rivas, B. and Munoz, R. Uncovering the Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 gallate decarboxylase involved in tannin degradation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79 (2013) 4253–4263. [DOI] [PMID: 23645198] |
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| [EC 4.1.1.59 created 1972] |
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EC
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5.3.3.16
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| Transferred entry: | 4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase. Now EC 5.3.2.8, 4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase
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| [EC 5.3.3.16 created 2011, modified 2011, deleted 2013] |
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