The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.3.99.30     
Accepted name: phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)
Reaction: 15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor = all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor (overall reaction)
(1a) 15-cis-phytoene + acceptor = all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
(1b) all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor = all-trans-ζ-carotene + reduced acceptor
(1c) all-trans-ζ-carotene + acceptor = all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
(1d) all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor = all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
(1e) all-trans-lycopene + acceptor = all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
For diagram of carotenoid biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): 5-step phytoene desaturase; five-step phytoene desaturase; phytoene desaturase (ambiguous); Al-1
Systematic name: 15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)
Comments: This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyses up to five desaturation steps (cf. EC 1.3.99.28 [phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming)], EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (ζ-carotene-forming)] and EC 1.3.99.31 [phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)]).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Hausmann, A. and Sandmann, G. A single five-step desaturase is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to β-carotene and torulene in Neurospora crassa. Fungal Genet. Biol. 30 (2000) 147–153. [DOI] [PMID: 11017770]
2.  Estrada, A.F., Maier, D., Scherzinger, D., Avalos, J. and Al-Babili, S. Novel apocarotenoid intermediates in Neurospora crassa mutants imply a new biosynthetic reaction sequence leading to neurosporaxanthin formation. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45 (2008) 1497–1505. [DOI] [PMID: 18812228]
[EC 1.3.99.30 created 2011]
 
 
EC 1.13.11.59     
Accepted name: torulene dioxygenase
Reaction: torulene + O2 = 4′-apo-β,ψ-caroten-4′-al + 3-methylbut-2-enal
Glossary: torulene = 3′,4′-didehydro-β,ψ-carotene
Other name(s): CAO-2; CarT
Systematic name: torulene:oxygen oxidoreductase
Comments: It is assumed that 3-methylbut-2-enal is formed. The enzyme cannot cleave the saturated 3′,4′-bond of γ-carotene which implies that a 3′,4′-double bond is neccessary for this reaction.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Prado-Cabrero, A., Estrada, A.F., Al-Babili, S. and Avalos, J. Identification and biochemical characterization of a novel carotenoid oxygenase: elucidation of the cleavage step in the Fusarium carotenoid pathway. Mol. Microbiol. 64 (2007) 448–460. [DOI] [PMID: 17493127]
2.  Saelices, L., Youssar, L., Holdermann, I., Al-Babili, S. and Avalos, J. Identification of the gene responsible for torulene cleavage in the Neurospora carotenoid pathway. Mol. Genet. Genomics 278 (2007) 527–537. [DOI] [PMID: 17610084]
3.  Estrada, A.F., Maier, D., Scherzinger, D., Avalos, J. and Al-Babili, S. Novel apocarotenoid intermediates in Neurospora crassa mutants imply a new biosynthetic reaction sequence leading to neurosporaxanthin formation. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45 (2008) 1497–1505. [DOI] [PMID: 18812228]
[EC 1.13.11.59 created 2011]
 
 


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