The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.14.14.177     
Accepted name: ultra-long-chain fatty acid ω-hydroxylase
Reaction: an ultra-long-chain fatty acid + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = an ultra-long-chain ω-hydroxy fatty acid + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Other name(s): CYP4F22 (gene name)
Systematic name: ultra-long-chain fatty acid,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (ω-hydroxylating)
Comments: The enzyme, which is expressed in the epidermis of mammals, catalyses the ω-hydroxylation of ultra-long-chain fatty acids (C28 to C36). The products are incorporated into acylceramides, epidermis-specific ceramide species that are very important for skin barrier formation.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Ohno, Y., Nakamichi, S., Ohkuni, A., Kamiyama, N., Naoe, A., Tsujimura, H., Yokose, U., Sugiura, K., Ishikawa, J., Akiyama, M. and Kihara, A. Essential role of the cytochrome P450 CYP4F22 in the production of acylceramide, the key lipid for skin permeability barrier formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112 (2015) 7707–7712. [DOI] [PMID: 26056268]
[EC 1.14.14.177 created 2021]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.296     
Accepted name: ω-hydroxyceramide transacylase
Reaction: a linoleate-containing triacyl-sn-glycerol + an ultra-long-chain ω-hydroxyceramide = a diacyl-sn-glycerol + a linoleate-esterified acylceramide
Glossary: an ultra-long-chain fatty acid = ULCFA = a fatty acid with aliphatic chain of 28 or more carbons
an ultra-long-chain ω-hydroxyceramide = a ceramide that contains an ultra-long-chain ω-hydroxyfatty acid moiety (C28-C36)
acylceramide = ω-O-acylceramide = a ceramide that contains an ultra-long-chain ω-hydroxyfatty acid moiety (C28-C36) that is further extended by ω-esterification with linoleic acid.
Other name(s): PNPLA1 (gene name)
Systematic name: triacyl-sn-glycerol:ultra-long-chain ω-hydroxyceramide ω-O-linoleoyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme participates in the production of acylceramides in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis. Acylceramides are crucial components of the skin permeability barrier.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Ohno, Y., Kamiyama, N., Nakamichi, S. and Kihara, A. PNPLA1 is a transacylase essential for the generation of the skin barrier lipid ω-O-acylceramide. Nat. Commun. 8:14610 (2017). [PMID: 28248318]
[EC 2.3.1.296 created 2019]
 
 


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