EC |
2.4.1.149 |
Accepted name: |
N-acetyllactosaminide β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase |
Reaction: |
UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-R |
Other name(s): |
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-acetyllactosaminide β1→3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; poly-N-acetyllactosamine extension enzyme; Galβ1→4GlcNAc-R β1→3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; UDP-GlcNAc:GalR β-D-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; N-acetyllactosamine β(1-3)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; UDP-GlcNAc:Galβ1→4GlcNAcβ-Rβ1→3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; GnTE; UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:β-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine β-1,3-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase; β-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide β-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 3-β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-β N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (configuration-inverting) |
Comments: |
Acts on β-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl termini on glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 85638-39-7 |
References: |
1. |
Van den Eijnden, D.H., Winterwerp, H., Smeeman, P. and Schiphorst, W.E.C.M. Novikoff ascites tumor cells contain N-acetyllactosaminide β1→3 and β1→6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 258 (1983) 3435–3437. [PMID: 6219989] |
2. |
Basu, M. and Basu, S. Biosynthesis in vitro of Ii core glycosphingolipids from neolactotetraosylceramide by β 1-3- and β 1-6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases from mouse T-lymphoma. J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 12557–12562. [PMID: 6238026] |
3. |
Takeya, A., Hosomi, O. and Kogure, T. The presence of N-acetyllactosamine and lactose: β (1-3)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity in human urine. Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 38 (1985) 1–8. [PMID: 3160874] |
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[EC 2.4.1.149 created 1984 (EC 2.4.1.163 created 1989, incorporated 2016), modified 2016] |
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EC |
2.4.1.150 |
Accepted name: |
N-acetyllactosaminide β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase |
Reaction: |
UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-R = UDP + β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-[β-D-GlcNAc-(1→6)]-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-R |
Glossary: |
β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = type 2 precursor disaccharide |
Other name(s): |
GCNT2 (gene name); GCNT3 (gene name); IGnT; I-branching β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-acetyllactosaminide β1→6-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; Galβ1→4GlcNAc-R β1→6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:β-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide 6-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (configuration-inverting) |
Comments: |
The enzyme acts on poly-N-acetyllactosamine [glycan chains of β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units connected by β(1,3) linkages] attached to proteins or lipids. It transfers a GlcNAc residue by β(1,6)-linkage to galactosyl residues close to non-reducing terminals, introducing a branching pattern known as I branching. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 85638-40-0 |
References: |
1. |
Van den Eijnden, D.H., Winterwerp, H., Smeeman, P. and Schiphorst, W.E.C.M. Novikoff ascites tumor cells contain N-acetyllactosaminide β1→3 and β1→6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 258 (1983) 3435–3437. [PMID: 6219989] |
2. |
Basu, M. and Basu, S. Biosynthesis in vitro of Ii core glycosphingolipids from neolactotetraosylceramide by β 1-3- and β 1-6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases from mouse T-lymphoma. J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 12557–12562. [PMID: 6238026] |
3. |
Piller, F., Cartron, J.P., Maranduba, A., Veyrieres, A., Leroy, Y. and Fournet, B. Biosynthesis of blood group I antigens. Identification of a UDP-GlcNAc:GlcNAc β1-3Gal(-R) β1-6(GlcNAc to Gal) N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in hog gastric mucosa. J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 13385–13390. [PMID: 6490658] |
4. |
Bierhuizen, M.F., Maemura, K., Kudo, S. and Fukuda, M. Genomic organization of core 2 and I branching β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases. Implication for evolution of the β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene family. Glycobiology 5 (1995) 417–425. [DOI] [PMID: 7579796] |
5. |
Ujita, M., McAuliffe, J., Suzuki, M., Hindsgaul, O., Clausen, H., Fukuda, M.N. and Fukuda, M. Regulation of I-branched poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis. Concerted actions by I-extension enzyme, I-branching enzyme, and β1,4-galactosyltransferase I. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 9296–9304. [DOI] [PMID: 10092606] |
6. |
Yeh, J.C., Ong, E. and Fukuda, M. Molecular cloning and expression of a novel β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that forms core 2, core 4, and I branches. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 3215–3221. [DOI] [PMID: 9915862] |
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[EC 2.4.1.150 created 1984 (EC 2.4.1.164 created 1989, incorporated 2016), modified 2017] |
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EC |
2.4.1.152 |
Accepted name: |
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-α-L-fucosyltransferase |
Reaction: |
GDP-β-L-fucose + β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-fucosyl-(1→3)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R |
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For diagram of fucosylneolactotetraosylceramide biosynthesis, click here |
Other name(s): |
Lewis-negative α-3-fucosyltransferase; plasma α-3-fucosyltransferase; guanosine diphosphofucose-glucoside α1→3-fucosyltransferase; galactoside 3-fucosyltransferase; GDP-L-fucose:1,4-β-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-L-fucosyltransferase; GDP-β-L-fucose:1,4-β-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-L-fucosyltransferase; GDP-β-L-fucose:1,4-β-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-α-L-fucosyltransferase; GDP-β-L-fucose:(1→4)-β-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-α-L-fucosyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
GDP-β-L-fucose:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R 3-α-L-fucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting) |
Comments: |
Normally acts on a glycoconjugate where R (see reaction) is a glycoprotein or glycolipid. This enzyme fucosylates on O-3 of an N-acetylglucosamine that carries a galactosyl group on O-4, unlike EC 2.4.1.65, 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-α-L-fucosyltransferase, which fucosylates on O-4 of an N-acetylglucosamine that carries a galactosyl group on O-3. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 39279-34-0 |
References: |
1. |
Johnson, P.H., Yates, A.D. and Watkins, W.M. Human salivary fucosyltransferase: evidence for two distinct α-3-L-fucosyltransferase activities one of which is associated with the Lewis blood Le gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 100 (1981) 1611–1618. [DOI] [PMID: 7295318] |
2. |
Schachter, H., Narasimhan, S., Gleeson, P. and Vella, G. Glycosyltransferases involved in elongation of N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of the complex or N-acetyllactosamine type. Methods Enzymol. 98 (1983) 98–134. [PMID: 6366476] |
3. |
Ma, B., Wang, G., Palcic, M.M., Hazes, B. and Taylor, D.E. C-terminal amino acids of Helicobacter pylori α1,3/4
fucosyltransferases determine type I and type II transfer. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 21893–21900. [DOI] [PMID: 12676935] |
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[EC 2.4.1.152 created 1984, modified 2002, modified 2019] |
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EC
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2.4.1.163
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Transferred entry: | β-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide β-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, now included in EC 2.4.1.149, N-acetyllactosaminide β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
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[EC 2.4.1.163 created 1989, deleted 2016] |
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EC
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2.4.1.164
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Transferred entry: | galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, now included with EC 2.4.1.150, N-acetyllactosaminide β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
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[EC 2.4.1.164 created 1989, deleted 2016] |
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EC |
2.4.1.275 |
Accepted name: |
neolactotriaosylceramide β-1,4-galactosyltransferase |
Reaction: |
UDP-α-D-galactose + N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide = UDP + β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide |
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For diagram of neolactotetraosylceramide biosynthesis, click here |
Glossary: |
N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide = neolactotriaosylceramide |
Other name(s): |
β4Gal-T4; UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide β-1,4-galactosyltransferase; lactotriaosylceramide β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (incorrect) |
Systematic name: |
UDP-α-D-galactose:N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide 4-β-D-galactosyltransferase |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB |
References: |
1. |
Schwientek, T., Almeida, R., Levery, S.B., Holmes, E.H., Bennett, E. and Clausen, H. Cloning of a novel member of the UDP-galactose:β-N-acetylglucosamine β1,4-galactosyltransferase family, β4Gal-T4, involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 29331–29340. [DOI] [PMID: 9792633] |
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[EC 2.4.1.275 created 2011, modified 2013] |
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EC |
2.4.3.6 |
Accepted name: |
N-acetyllactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase |
Reaction: |
CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate + β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-R = CMP + N-acetyl-α-neuraminyl-(2→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-R |
Other name(s): |
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-β-galactosyl(1→4)acetylglucosaminide α2→3-sialyltransferase; α2→3 sialyltransferase (ambiguous); SiaT (ambiguous); CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:β-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein α-2,3-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase; neolactotetraosylceramide α-2,3-sialyltransferase; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein α-(2→3)-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
CMP-N-acetyl-β-neuraminate:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-R (2→3)-N-acetyl-α-neuraminyltransferase (configuration-inverting) |
Comments: |
The enzyme recognizes the sequence β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl (known as type 2 histo-blood group precursor disaccharide) in non-reducing termini of glycan moieties in glycoproteins and glycolipids. The enzyme from chicken brain was shown to act on neolactotetraosylceramide, producing ganglioside LM1 [2]. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 77537-85-0 |
References: |
1. |
Van den Eijnden, D.H. and Schiphorst, W.E.C.M. Detection of β-galactosyl(1→4)N-acetylglucosaminide α(2→3)-sialyltransferase activity in fetal calf liver and other tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 256 (1981) 3159–3162. [PMID: 7204397] |
2. |
Basu, M., Basu, S., Stoffyn, A. and Stoffyn, P. Biosynthesis in vitro of sialyl(α2-3)neolactotetraosylceramide by a sialyltransferase from embryonic chicken brain. J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982) 12765–12769. [PMID: 7130178] |
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[EC 2.4.3.6 created 1984 as EC 2.4.99.6, modified 1986 (EC 2.4.99.10 created 1986, incorporated 2017), transferred 2022 to EC 2.4.3.6] |
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EC |
2.4.3.8 |
Accepted name: |
α-N-acetylneuraminate α-2,8-sialyltransferase |
Reaction: |
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)-β-D-galactosyl-R = CMP + α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→8)-α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)-β-D-galactosyl-R |
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For diagram of ganglioside biosynthesis (pathway to GD3), click here |
Other name(s): |
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-ganglioside GM3; α-2,8-sialyltransferase; ganglioside GD3 synthase; ganglioside GD3 synthetase sialyltransferase; CMP-NeuAc:LM1(α2-8) sialyltranferase; GD3 synthase; SAT-2 |
Systematic name: |
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)-β-D-galactoside α-(2→8)-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase |
Comments: |
Gangliosides act as acceptors. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 67339-00-8 |
References: |
1. |
Eppler, M.C., Morré, J.D. and Keenan, T.W. Ganglioside biosynthesis in rat liver: alteration of sialyltransferase activities by nucleotides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 619 (1980) 332–343. [DOI] [PMID: 7407217] |
2. |
Higashi, H., Basu, M. and Basu, S. Biosynthesis in vitro of disialosylneolactotetraosylceramide by a solubilized sialyltransferase from embryonic chicken brain. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 824–828. [PMID: 3838172] |
3. |
McCoy, R.D., Vimr, E.R. and Troy, F.A. CMP-NeuNAc:poly-α-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase and the biosynthesis of polysialosyl units in neural cell adhesion molecules. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 12695–12699. [PMID: 4044605] |
4. |
Yohe, H.C. and Yu, R.K. In vitro biosynthesis of an isomer of brain trisialoganglioside, GT1a. J. Biol. Chem. 255 (1980) 608–613. [PMID: 6766128] |
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[EC 2.4.3.8 created 1984 as EC 2.4.99.8, modified 1986, transferred 2022 to EC 2.4.3.8] |
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EC |
2.4.3.9 |
Accepted name: |
lactosylceramide α-2,3-sialyltransferase |
Reaction: |
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide = CMP + α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide |
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For diagram of ganglioside biosynthesis (pathway to GM2), click here |
Glossary: |
lactosylceramide = β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide |
Other name(s): |
cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-lactosylceramide α2,3- sialyltransferase; CMP-acetylneuraminate-lactosylceramide-sialyltransferase; CMP-acetylneuraminic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase; CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide-sialyltransferase; cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate-lactosylceramide sialyltransferase; ganglioside GM3 synthetase; GM3 synthase; GM3 synthetase; SAT 1; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:lactosylceramide α-2,3-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl(1↔1)ceramide α-(2→3)-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase |
Systematic name: |
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide α-(2→3)-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase |
Comments: |
Lactose cannot act as acceptor. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 125752-90-1 |
References: |
1. |
Basu, S., Kaufman, B. and Roseman, S. Enzymatic synthesis of glucocerebroside by a glucosyltransferase from embryonic chicken brain. J. Biol. Chem. 248 (1973) 1388–1394. [PMID: 4631392] |
2. |
Fishman, P.H., Bradley, R.M. and Henneberry, R.C. Butyrate-induced glycolipid biosynthesis in HeLa cells: properties of the induced sialyltransferase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 172 (1976) 618–626. [DOI] [PMID: 4022] |
3. |
Higashi, H., Basu, M. and Basu, S. Biosynthesis in vitro of disialosylneolactotetraosylceramide by a solubilized sialyltransferase from embryonic chicken brain. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 824–828. [PMID: 3838172] |
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[EC 2.4.3.9 created 1984 as EC 2.4.99.9, modified 1986, transferred 2022 to EC 2.4.3.9] |
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EC
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2.4.99.6
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Transferred entry: | N-acetyllactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.6, N-acetyllactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase
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[EC 2.4.99.6 created 1984, modified 1986 (EC 2.4.99.10 created 1986, incorporated 2017), deleted 2022] |
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EC
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2.4.99.8
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Transferred entry: | α-N-acetylneuraminate α-2,8-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.8, α-N-acetylneuraminate α-2,8-sialyltransferase
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[EC 2.4.99.8 created 1984, modified 1986, deleted 2022] |
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EC
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2.4.99.9
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Transferred entry: | lactosylceramide α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.9, lactosylceramide α-2,3-sialyltransferase
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[EC 2.4.99.9 created 1984, modified 1986, deleted 2022] |
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EC
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2.4.99.10
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Transferred entry: | neolactotetraosylceramide α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now included in
EC 2.4.3.6, N-acetyllactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase
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[EC 2.4.99.10 created 1986, deleted 2017] |
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